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physics exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the different energy stores:

A

Thermal
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Magnetic
Chemical
Electrostatic
Nuclear
Kinetic

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2
Q

energy cannot…

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transfereed between different forms and objects

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3
Q

List the different ways that energy can be transferred:

A

Mechanically
Electrically
Through heating
Via infrared radiation
Via light or sound waves

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4
Q

Can a closed system gain energy from the ‘outside world’?

A

No

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4
Q

An open system:

A

Can gain or lose energy to the ‘outside world’

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5
Q

what does mechaniccaly mean?

A

physically stretching

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6
Q

what happens whenever energy is transferred to an object?

A

the enrgy stres in one of that objects energy store

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7
Q

in physics what can we call a collection of matter

A

a system

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8
Q

what happens when system changes?

A

energy is transferred, between objects or different forms

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9
Q

what can an open system do?

A

can loose or gain energy as it comes in contact with the outside world

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9
Q

what is the overall chnage in a closed system?

A

the overall chnage of a closed system is always zero, even thoigh energy can still be transfeered in between the system nothing can go in the closed system as its separate from the outside world

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10
Q

what si work done?

A

work done is another way of saying “energy transffered”

the two types are:
- mechanical and electrical

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11
Q

What type of energy is stored in the string of a bow when it is pulled back?

A

elastic potential energy

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11
Q

Which energy store increases when an object is lifted 1.5 m above the ground?

A

garvitational energy

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11
Q

what is elctrical work done?

A

created when current fows

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12
Q

what is the Conservation of energy law?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one form to another.

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13
Q

what is mechanical work done?

A

using a force in order to move an object

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14
Q

A ball lifted 1.5 m above the ground has 20 J of gravitational potential energy. The ball is dropped.

What is the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground? Ignore air resistance.

A

20J

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15
Q

Which of the following shows the useful energy transfer that takes place when a battery powered toy car travels across the floor?

A

chemical to kinetic

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16
Q

what si the meaning of conservation of energy principle?

A

it means that energy cant be created or destroyed, however this energy can be transffered usefully, stored or dissipated (wasted)

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17
Q

in what form is wasted energy?

A

in form of heat, which could be the result on why ur phone is overheating

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18
Q

what is the weird definiton of system?

A

everything outside that system is known as the environment

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19
Q

example of system?

A

your phone is the system while everything outside this world is the environemnt. your phone is an open system as energy and matter can free move between the phone and the environment, howevwer if u put yur phone in a sealed jar, thats going to be a closed system as matter and energy cannot escape.

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20
Q

the equation to calculate efficiency energy/power?

A

efficiency: useful energy/power output
———————————–
total energy/power input

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21
Q

how to find usual power output?

A

useful power output= efficiency X total power input. effiecincy as a decimal tho

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22
Q

why is no device 100% efficient

A

because all device produce some form of waste energy. most often thermal enegy exception to devices whos function is to createheat for example: eletric heaters

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23
Q

Is power a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain your answer.

A

Power is a scalar quantity because it only has a magnitude (how many watts), it doesn’t have a direction.

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24
Q

Is air resistance a contact or non-contact force? Explain why.

A

Air resistance is a contact force. This is because it is due to the physical contact (collisions) between an object and the particles in the air.

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25
Q

exmaples of non renewable resources

A

gas
coild
oil
- fossil fules

materials: Once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced,

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26
Q

renewable resource

A
  • solar
  • wind
  • geothermal
  • tidal
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27
Q

what is renewable and non renewable energy used for?

A

transportation
- petrol
- disel
- electricity
- kerosene

domestic-
- house hold things
- heating- natural gas birnt to heat water

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28
Q

renewable sources of heating

A
  • solar water heaters
  • biofules
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29
Q

is electricity renewable or un renewable?

A

neither, depends on how its made

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30
Q

qunatities can be two types;

A

scalar- only have magnitude
vector0 magnitude+ direction

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31
Q

if we want an object to stay still what do we do?

A

we have to apply two forces to it otherwise the object is just gonna move as we pull or push it

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32
Q

if you squish smth againt the floor how many forces are acting?

A

2 forces- upward force and one force

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33
Q

in physics what we can an object that has changed shape?

A

deformed

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34
Q

if an object returns back to its original shape after the force is being removed, we call this…

A

elastic deformation because its able to to spring back like an elastic back

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35
Q

what are the two different types of deformation?

A
  • elastic
  • inelastic
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36
Q

if an object doesnt return to its original shape and stays deformed in some way after a force is applied to it, we call this…

A

inelastic deformation or plastic deformation because keeps the shape like plastic

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37
Q

what is extension?

A

the increase in lenght of a spring when stretched

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38
Q

as we increase the force on a spring for example by adding more mass the extension increases how?

A

proportionally, we can write this as F(force) equal to e (symbol of extension)

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39
Q

hookes law:

A

force and extension are directly proportional, theres a limit tho. at one point the line will start to bend and thats because it reached the elastic limit, after this point hookes law no longer applies and objects would be inelastically deformed

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40
Q
A
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41
Q

what quantity is speed and why

A

speed is scalar as it only has magnitude and no directions

42
Q

is displacemnet scaler or vector

A

displacement is a vector as it has directions as well

42
Q

what quantity is velocity and why

A

velocity is vector as it alos has direction

43
Q

is distance scaler or vector

A

scaler as it only gives magnitude

44
Q

how to find speed?

A

time took

45
Q

how to find velocity?

A

time took

46
Q

speed short equation

A

s=d/t

47
Q

velocity short equation

A

v=s/t
s- displacement

48
Q

what is newtons first law?

A
  • a resultant force is required to change the motion of an object

meaning- no reuslant force then the objects motion wont change, this works for stationery and moving objects

49
Q

what is newtons second law?

A

if a non zero resulant force acts on an object, then it will cause the object to accelerate

50
Q

if object started off ias staionery then the accleeration will cause it to:

A

start moving

51
Q

if an object was already moving to the right then it would cause it to…

A

speed up

52
Q

if the object had been travelling to the left…

A

then the right woods accelerations will cause it to slow down

53
Q

travellings slowly:

A

might cause it to slow down

54
Q

what can be the two meanings of power?

A

power is the rate at which energy is transfeered

p=E (energy transffered)/t- time taken to transfer the energy

power is the rate at which work is done

55
Q

what does work done mean? when is it used

A
  • measure of energy transffered
  • used when force is used to move an object by a certain distance
56
Q

in what is power measured w?

A

whots

57
Q

equation for energy transfeered

A

E
P T

58
Q

measure how much power are u using?

A

P=W/T

59
Q

what is stopping distance

A

minimum of distance required to stop a vahicle in an emergency

60
Q

what is stopping distance equal to?

A

thinking distance+ breaking distance

61
Q

what is thinking distance?

A

how far the car travels suring the drivers reaction time

62
Q

what affect thinking distance?

A
  • spped of vehicle
    further—> further youll travel
  • reaction time itslef
    (vary between people)
    tired, drugs, drunk, distracted will increase peoples reaction time
63
Q

what is breaking distance

A

distance taken to stop under the breaking force
- after breaks have been applied

64
Q

what affects the stopping distance

A
  • spped
  • mass of vehicle)
  • increase kinetic energy
  • condition of breaks. wont slow down car as quickly
  • traction between car and road
  • bald tyre
65
Q

what os pressure

A

force per unit of area

66
Q

how can we measure pressure?

A

p= Force/Area

67
Q

fluid pressure

A

pressure in gases and liquids

68
Q

how to find perpendiculsr force?

A

F
P A

69
Q

what is moentum

A

mass of object multiplied by velocity

70
Q

is momentum vector or scalalr

A

vector, has magnitude and direction

71
Q

conservation of momentum principle

A
  • in a closed system the total momentum before an eventis the same as the total momentm after the event
72
Q

vector

A

quantities that ahve a force and a magnitude

73
Q

scalalr

A

quanatities only have magnitude and dont have direction

74
Q

force

A

a push or pull force that is caused by an object interacting with another object

75
Q

conatct force

A

occurs when two objects are touching

exmaples, friction, air resistance, tension and normal contact force

76
Q

non contact force

A

a force taht does not need to be touching. magnetism, gravity, electrostatic force

77
Q

newtons 3rd law

A

when 2 objects interact, there is a fore produced on both objects, this pair of forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to each other

78
Q

weeight equation

A

mass X gravity

79
Q

mass

A

a meausre of the amount of matter in an object

80
Q

resultant force

A

sum of all forces acting on an object. can be represneted as an overall force

81
Q

free body diagram

A

a digram showing all the forces acting on an object

82
Q

spring constant

A

a given value for a spring that tells you how mucb extension a given force will produce

83
Q

work done

A

the amount of energy that tranasfeered when an object is moved trough a distance
work done= force X distance

84
Q

hypothesis

A

a prediction of what you expect to happen in an expirment and scientific explanation why you might think it will happen

85
Q

method

A

step by step guide of all the infkrmation needed to reap the expirement exactly

86
Q

evaluation

A

was tge expiremnt a sucess, how can we improve it

87
Q

dependent variable

A

variable you are measuring in an expiremnt

87
Q

independent variable

A

varibaoe you change in an expiremnt

87
Q

force: weight, which direction is it going to react

A

downwards

88
Q

air resitance, which was is the force going to act?

A

opposite to motion, to the left

89
Q

upthrust which was is the force going to act?

A

upwards

89
Q

normal reaction which was is the force going to act?

A

upards, opposite to weight

90
Q

lift which was is the force going to act?

A

up

91
Q

in what units are forces measured in

A

newtons

92
Q

what effects does friction have

A

Friction can slow things down and stop stationary things from moving

93
Q

what is weight measured in

A

newtons

94
Q

what is mass measured in

A

grams and kilograms

95
Q

formula trangle to calculate mass, , weight or grabitational field strnght

A

mass X gravitational field strenght

96
Q

what is gravity measured in?

A

newtons

97
Q

darwing vectors, calculate firces, spring of constant

A
98
Q

1 joule=

A

1 newton metre

99
Q

equation for work done

A

force X distance

100
Q

formula trnagle for force, spring constant and extensions

A

s- spring X e

101
Q

how could you link limit of proportionality to elastic and inelastic deformtion?

A
102
Q

what can a force change

A

speed

direction of movement

shape (for example, an elastic band gets longer if you pull it)

103
Q

what happens if If the forces on an object are balanced

A

a stationary object stays still

a moving object continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction

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