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physics exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the different energy stores:

A

Thermal
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Magnetic
Chemical
Electrostatic
Nuclear
Kinetic

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2
Q

energy cannot…

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transfereed between different forms and objects

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3
Q

List the different ways that energy can be transferred:

A

Mechanically
Electrically
Through heating
Via infrared radiation
Via light or sound waves

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4
Q

Can a closed system gain energy from the ‘outside world’?

A

No

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4
Q

An open system:

A

Can gain or lose energy to the ‘outside world’

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5
Q

what does mechaniccaly mean?

A

physically stretching

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6
Q

what happens whenever energy is transferred to an object?

A

the enrgy stres in one of that objects energy store

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7
Q

in physics what can we call a collection of matter

A

a system

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8
Q

what happens when system changes?

A

energy is transferred, between objects or different forms

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9
Q

what can an open system do?

A

can loose or gain energy as it comes in contact with the outside world

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9
Q

what is the overall chnage in a closed system?

A

the overall chnage of a closed system is always zero, even thoigh energy can still be transfeered in between the system nothing can go in the closed system as its separate from the outside world

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10
Q

what si work done?

A

work done is another way of saying “energy transffered”

the two types are:
- mechanical and electrical

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11
Q

What type of energy is stored in the string of a bow when it is pulled back?

A

elastic potential energy

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11
Q

Which energy store increases when an object is lifted 1.5 m above the ground?

A

garvitational energy

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11
Q

what is elctrical work done?

A

created when current fows

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12
Q

what is the Conservation of energy law?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one form to another.

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13
Q

what is mechanical work done?

A

using a force in order to move an object

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14
Q

A ball lifted 1.5 m above the ground has 20 J of gravitational potential energy. The ball is dropped.

What is the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground? Ignore air resistance.

A

20J

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15
Q

Which of the following shows the useful energy transfer that takes place when a battery powered toy car travels across the floor?

A

chemical to kinetic

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16
Q

what si the meaning of conservation of energy principle?

A

it means that energy cant be created or destroyed, however this energy can be transffered usefully, stored or dissipated (wasted)

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17
Q

in what form is wasted energy?

A

in form of heat, which could be the result on why ur phone is overheating

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18
Q

what is the weird definiton of system?

A

everything outside that system is known as the environment

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19
Q

example of system?

A

your phone is the system while everything outside this world is the environemnt. your phone is an open system as energy and matter can free move between the phone and the environment, howevwer if u put yur phone in a sealed jar, thats going to be a closed system as matter and energy cannot escape.

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20
Q

the equation to calculate efficiency energy/power?

A

efficiency: useful energy/power output
———————————–
total energy/power input

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21
how to find usual power output?
useful power output= efficiency X total power input. effiecincy as a decimal tho
22
why is no device 100% efficient
because all device produce some form of waste energy. most often thermal enegy exception to devices whos function is to createheat for example: eletric heaters
23
Is power a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain your answer.
Power is a scalar quantity because it only has a magnitude (how many watts), it doesn't have a direction.
24
Is air resistance a contact or non-contact force? Explain why.
Air resistance is a contact force. This is because it is due to the physical contact (collisions) between an object and the particles in the air.
25
exmaples of non renewable resources
gas coild oil - fossil fules materials: Once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced,
26
renewable resource
- solar - wind - geothermal - tidal
27
what is renewable and non renewable energy used for?
transportation - petrol - disel - electricity - kerosene domestic- - house hold things - heating- natural gas birnt to heat water
28
renewable sources of heating
- solar water heaters - biofules
29
is electricity renewable or un renewable?
neither, depends on how its made
30
qunatities can be two types;
scalar- only have magnitude vector0 magnitude+ direction
31
if we want an object to stay still what do we do?
we have to apply two forces to it otherwise the object is just gonna move as we pull or push it
32
if you squish smth againt the floor how many forces are acting?
2 forces- upward force and one force
33
in physics what we can an object that has changed shape?
deformed
34
if an object returns back to its original shape after the force is being removed, we call this...
elastic deformation because its able to to spring back like an elastic back
35
what are the two different types of deformation?
- elastic - inelastic
36
if an object doesnt return to its original shape and stays deformed in some way after a force is applied to it, we call this...
inelastic deformation or plastic deformation because keeps the shape like plastic
37
what is extension?
the increase in lenght of a spring when stretched
38
as we increase the force on a spring for example by adding more mass the extension increases how?
proportionally, we can write this as F(force) equal to e (symbol of extension)
39
hookes law:
force and extension are directly proportional, theres a limit tho. at one point the line will start to bend and thats because it reached the elastic limit, after this point hookes law no longer applies and objects would be inelastically deformed
40
41
what quantity is speed and why
speed is scalar as it only has magnitude and no directions
42
is displacemnet scaler or vector
displacement is a vector as it has directions as well
42
what quantity is velocity and why
velocity is vector as it alos has direction
43
is distance scaler or vector
scaler as it only gives magnitude
44
how to find speed?
distance travelled ------------------------------ time took
45
how to find velocity?
displacement ------------------------------ time took
46
speed short equation
s=d/t
47
velocity short equation
v=s/t s- displacement
48
what is newtons first law?
- a resultant force is required to change the motion of an object meaning- no reuslant force then the objects motion wont change, this works for stationery and moving objects
49
what is newtons second law?
if a non zero resulant force acts on an object, then it will cause the object to accelerate
50
if object started off ias staionery then the accleeration will cause it to:
start moving
51
if an object was already moving to the right then it would cause it to...
speed up
52
if the object had been travelling to the left...
then the right woods accelerations will cause it to slow down
53
travellings slowly:
might cause it to slow down
54
what can be the two meanings of power?
power is the rate at which energy is transfeered p=E (energy transffered)/t- time taken to transfer the energy power is the rate at which work is done
55
what does work done mean? when is it used
- measure of energy transffered - used when force is used to move an object by a certain distance
56
in what is power measured w?
whots
57
equation for energy transfeered
E P T
58
measure how much power are u using?
P=W/T
59
what is stopping distance
minimum of distance required to stop a vahicle in an emergency
60
what is stopping distance equal to?
thinking distance+ breaking distance
61
what is thinking distance?
how far the car travels suring the drivers reaction time
62
what affect thinking distance?
- spped of vehicle further---> further youll travel - reaction time itslef (vary between people) tired, drugs, drunk, distracted will increase peoples reaction time
63
what is breaking distance
distance taken to stop under the breaking force - after breaks have been applied
64
what affects the stopping distance
- spped - mass of vehicle) - increase kinetic energy - condition of breaks. wont slow down car as quickly - traction between car and road - bald tyre
65
what os pressure
force per unit of area
66
how can we measure pressure?
p= Force/Area
67
fluid pressure
pressure in gases and liquids
68
how to find perpendiculsr force?
F P A
69
what is moentum
mass of object multiplied by velocity
70
is momentum vector or scalalr
vector, has magnitude and direction
71
conservation of momentum principle
- in a closed system the total momentum before an eventis the same as the total momentm after the event
72
vector
quantities that ahve a force and a magnitude
73
scalalr
quanatities only have magnitude and dont have direction
74
force
a push or pull force that is caused by an object interacting with another object
75
conatct force
occurs when two objects are touching exmaples, friction, air resistance, tension and normal contact force
76
non contact force
a force taht does not need to be touching. magnetism, gravity, electrostatic force
77
newtons 3rd law
when 2 objects interact, there is a fore produced on both objects, this pair of forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to each other
78
weeight equation
mass X gravity
79
mass
a meausre of the amount of matter in an object
80
resultant force
sum of all forces acting on an object. can be represneted as an overall force
81
free body diagram
a digram showing all the forces acting on an object
82
spring constant
a given value for a spring that tells you how mucb extension a given force will produce
83
work done
the amount of energy that tranasfeered when an object is moved trough a distance work done= force X distance
84
hypothesis
a prediction of what you expect to happen in an expirment and scientific explanation why you might think it will happen
85
method
step by step guide of all the infkrmation needed to reap the expirement exactly
86
evaluation
was tge expiremnt a sucess, how can we improve it
87
dependent variable
variable you are measuring in an expiremnt
87
independent variable
varibaoe you change in an expiremnt
87
force: weight, which direction is it going to react
downwards
88
air resitance, which was is the force going to act?
opposite to motion, to the left
89
upthrust which was is the force going to act?
upwards
89
normal reaction which was is the force going to act?
upards, opposite to weight
90
lift which was is the force going to act?
up
91
in what units are forces measured in
newtons
92
what effects does friction have
Friction can slow things down and stop stationary things from moving
93
what is weight measured in
newtons
94
what is mass measured in
grams and kilograms
95
formula trangle to calculate mass, , weight or grabitational field strnght
weight ----------------- mass X gravitational field strenght
96
what is gravity measured in?
newtons
97
darwing vectors, calculate firces, spring of constant
98
1 joule=
1 newton metre
99
equation for work done
workdone -------------- force X distance
100
formula trnagle for force, spring constant and extensions
f --------------- s- spring X e
101
how could you link limit of proportionality to elastic and inelastic deformtion?
102
what can a force change
speed direction of movement shape (for example, an elastic band gets longer if you pull it)
103
what happens if If the forces on an object are balanced
a stationary object stays still a moving object continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction

SCIENCE (15 decks)

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