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studies FSC 1 > physics chapter 3 > Flashcards

physics chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Rest in Physics?

A

A body is at rest if it does not change its position relative to a reference point over time.

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2
Q

What is Motion in physics?

A

Motion is the change in the position of a body with respect to a reference point over time.

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3
Q

What is Relative Motion?

A

Relative motion refers to the movement of one object as observed from another moving or stationary object.

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3
Q

Define Displacement.

A

Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final position of a body in a specified direction.

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3
Q

What is Velocity?

A

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time and includes direction.

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4
Q

What is a Frame of Reference?

A

A set of coordinates or a point of view used to measure and observe the position and motion of a body.

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5
Q

Define Acceleration.

A

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time

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5
Q

What does the Velocity-Time Graph represent?

A

It represents the change in velocity of an object over time, with velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.

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6
Q

State Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass,
F=ma.

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6
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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7
Q

What are the Equations of Uniformly Accelerated Motion?

A
  1. Vf = vi+at
  2. s = vit + 1/2 at^2
  3. 2as = vf^2 - vi^2

where vi is initial velocity, vf is final velocity, a is acceleration, s is displacement, and t is time.

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7
Q

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a net external force.

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8
Q

Define Momentum.

A

Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object, given by
p=mv.

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9
Q

What is Impulse?

A

Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a time interval,
J=F×t.

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10
Q

State the Law of Conservation of Momentum.

A

The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

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11
Q

What is the difference between Elastic and Inelastic Collisions?

A

In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, while in inelastic collisions, only momentum is conserved, and kinetic energy is partially converted into other forms of energy.

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12
Q

How does Rocket Propulsion work?

A

Rocket propulsion works on the principle of Newton’s third law, where the expulsion of gases from the rocket generates a force that pushes the rocket forward.

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13
Q

What is Projectile Motion?

A

The projectile motion refers to the motion of an object thrown into the air, subject to only the force of gravity and air resistance, following a parabolic trajectory.

13
Q

What is Instantaneous Velocity?

A

Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a specific moment in time.

14
Q

Define Uniform Velocity.

A

Uniform velocity refers to motion in which an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, without changing direction or speed.

15
Q

What is Average Velocity?

A

Average velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time taken,
Vavg = Δs/Δt

16
Q

What is Instantaneous Acceleration?

A

Instantaneous acceleration is the rate of change of velocity at a specific instant.

17
Q

What is Average Acceleration?

A

Average acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time interval over which the change occurred,
a(avg) = Δv/Δt

18
Q

What is the Slope of a Velocity-Time Graph?

A

The slope of a velocity-time graph gives the acceleration of the object.

18
Q

Define Uniform Acceleration.

A

Uniform acceleration occurs when the velocity of an object changes by equal amounts in equal intervals of time.

19
Q

What is the Principle of Conservation of Momentum in detail?

A

The principle of conservation of momentum states that in an isolated system, the total momentum before and after a collision is conserved, provided no external forces act on the system.

19
Q

What does the Area under a Velocity-Time Graph represent?

A

The area under a velocity-time graph represents the displacement of the object.

20
Q

What is the Difference between Speed and Velocity?

A

Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.

21
Q

What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?

A

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it,
J=Δp.

22
Q

Define Elastic Collision.

A

An elastic collision is one in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

23
Q

What is the Formula for Force according to Newton’s Second Law?

A

F=ma, where
F is the force applied, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

23
Q

Define Inelastic Collision.

A

An inelastic collision is one in which momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not, as some energy is converted into other forms such as heat or sound.

24
Q

Define Momentum in Explosion Forces.

A

In an explosion, the total momentum of the system before and after the explosion remains conserved, with the fragments moving in different directions but the total momentum remaining constant.

24
Q

What are the Key Equations for Projectile Motion?

A
  1. Horizontal motion: x = Vxt
  2. vertical motion: y = Vyt + 1/2 gt^2
    where Vx and Vy are the horizontal and vertical components of velocity, and g is acceleration due to gravity.
25
Q

Describe Projectile Motion in terms of its components.

A

Projectile motion can be broken down into horizontal motion with constant velocity and vertical motion with uniform acceleration due to gravity.

26
Q

What is Rocket Propulsion based on?

A

Rocket propulsion is based on Newton’s Third Law, where the force exerted by the expelled gases propels the rocket forward.

27
Q

What is the Effect of Force Due to Water Flow on momentum?

A

The force due to water flow can change the momentum of an object by applying a continuous force over time, resulting in a change in the velocity of the object.

28
Q

height of projectile

A

the maximum vertical distance covered by the projectile.

28
Q

time of flight

A

time spent by the projectile in flight/in air

29
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31
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