2.3 pakistan culture Flashcards
Q1: Who was Muhammad bin Qasim and how old was he when he invaded Sindh?
A1: Muhammad bin Qasim was an ambitious, courageous Arab warrior who invaded Sindh at the age of 17. He was born in Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Q2: In which year did the Arab conquest of Sindh take place?
A2: The Arab conquest of Sindh took place in 711-712 AD.
Q3: What was the capital of Sindh under the Brahman dynasty before the Arab conquest?
A3: The capital of Sindh under the Brahman dynasty was Aror (near modern-day Rohri).
Q4: Name the Hindu ruler who was defeated by Muhammad bin Qasim in Sindh.
A4: The Hindu ruler defeated by Muhammad bin Qasim was Raja Dahir.
Q6: What were Muhammad bin Qasim’s administrative policies regarding religion?
A6: Muhammad bin Qasim adopted a policy of religious tolerance, allowing Hindus to practice their religion freely and not imposing extra taxes on them based on their faith.
Q5: What were the main reasons for the Arab invasion of Sindh?
A5: The main reasons for the Arab invasion of Sindh included:
Weak military strength of Hindu rulers
Poor management in every field
Sindh’s status as a tribal area
Strategic location and trade opportunities
Q7: What were the major cities captured by Muhammad bin Qasim during his campaign?
A7: The major cities captured by Muhammad bin Qasim were Debal (modern-day Karachi) and Aror.
Q8: What were the cultural impacts of the Arab conquest of Sindh?
A8: The cultural impacts included:
Blending of Islamic and local cultures
Addition of Sanskrit words to the Arabian dictionary
Arabs gained knowledge of Brahmion traditions in medicine, arthashastra, and astrology
Development of a unique Indo-Islamic culture
Q9: What economic developments occurred after the Arab conquest?
A9: Economic developments included:
Establishment of trade relations with other Islamic countries
Introduction of camels and horses for trade
Improved business planning based on local crops
Integration of the region’s economy into the broader caliphate
Q10: What ultimately happened to Muhammad bin Qasim?
A10: Muhammad bin Qasim was arrested by the Khalifas on false charges when he became popular among the people, taken to Arab, and killed.
Q12: Why is the Arab conquest of Sindh considered historically significant?
A12: The Arab conquest of Sindh is considered historically significant because it marked the first significant Muslim presence in the Indian subcontinent and set the foundation for future Islamic influence in South Asia, leading to the development of Indo-Islamic culture.
Q11: What tax system did Muhammad bin Qasim introduce for non-Muslims?
A11: Muhammad bin Qasim introduced the jizya tax for non-Muslims.
