Physics - Chapter 1

Question 1

Name the different types of energy stores

Answer 1

Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Elastic potential energy
Thermal (heat) energy

Question 2

What physical processes cause the transfer of energy between different energy stores

Answer 2

Mechanical (forces, sound waves)
Electric current
Electromagnetic waves
Heating

Question 3

What happens in all energy transfers eventually?

Answer 3

Dissipated to heat in the surroundings

Question 4

Pendulum

Answer 4

(GPE - KE - GPE)

Question 5

Car at constant speed

Answer 5

(Chemical - thermal energy)

Question 6

Car braking

Answer 6

(Kinetic ➡️ thermal energy)

Question 7

Gravitational potential energy equation

Answer 7

Mass X gravity X height

Question 8

Kinetic energy equation

Answer 8

0.5 X mass X velocity squared

Question 9

Elastic potential energy equation

Answer 9

0.5 X Spring constant X extension squared

Question 10

Energy equation

Answer 10

Mass X specific heat capacity X temp change

Question 11

What is thermal conductivity a measure of?

Answer 11

How quickly thermal energy is passed through a substance by conduction

Question 12

How can buildings be designed to have a Lower conductivity

Answer 12

Have thicker walls

Question 13

The equation to calculate payback time

Answer 13

Payback time (years) = cost of installation (£) divided by savings per year in fuel costs (£)

Question 14

One advantage and disadvantage of coal as an energy source

Answer 14

Pro - Relatively cheap to mine

Con - non renewable

Question 15

One advantage and one disadvantage of oil as an energy source

Answer 15

Pro - short start up time

Con - non renewable

Question 16

One advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear power as an energy source

Answer 16

Pro - produces lots of energy

Con - produced dangerous waste

Question 17

One advantage and one disadvantage of wind as an energy source

Answer 17

Pro - renewable

Con - no wind sometimes

Question 18

One advantage and one disadvantage of hydroelectric energy

Answer 18

Pro - renewable

Con - can flood areas

Question 19

One advantage and one disadvantage of solar energy as an energy source

Answer 19

Pro - renewable

Con - no sun at night

Question 20

One advantage and one disadvantage of Geothermal energy as an energy source

Answer 20

Pro - renewable

Con - only available in volcanic regions

Question 21

What happens to something if it gains electrons

Answer 21

It becomes negatively charged

Question 22

What happens if something looses electrons

Answer 22

It becomes positively charged

Question 23

In electric fields what do the arrows show?

Answer 23

The way a positive charge would move

Question 24

What is the current?

Answer 24

The rate of flow of charge

Question 25

What is potential difference?

Answer 25

The energy transferred by one coulomb of charge

Question 26

What is resistance?

Answer 26

A measure of how much a component reduces the current passing through it

Question 27

Potential difference equation

Answer 27

Current X resistance

Question 28

What happens to something if it gains electrons

Answer 28

It becomes negatively charged

Question 29

What happens if something looses electrons

Answer 29

It becomes positively charged

Question 30

In electric fields what do the arrows show?

Answer 30

The way a positive charge would move

Question 31

What is the current?

Answer 31

The rate of flow of charge

Question 32

What is potential difference?

Answer 32

The energy transferred by one coulomb of charge

Question 33

What is resistance?

Answer 33

A measure of how much a component reduces the current passing through it

Question 34

Potential difference equation

Answer 34

Current X resistance

Question 35

What happens to the current in a series circuit?

Answer 35

It's the same everywhere

Question 36

What happens to the current in parallel circuits?

Answer 36

Shared between the different routes

Question 37

What happens to the potential difference in a series circuit?

Answer 37

Shared between components

Question 38

What happens with the potential difference in a parallel circuit?

Answer 38

Same across each different route

Question 39

What happens with the resistance in a series circuit?

Answer 39

Resistances add together

Question 40

What happens with the resistance in a parallel circuit?

Answer 40

Total resistance is Lower than the individuals resistors

Question 41

What colour is the earth wire and what does it do?

Answer 41

Green and yellow - if there is a fault and the case becomes live the current passes along this wire making the device safe

Question 42

What colour is the neutral wire and what does it do?

Answer 42

Blue - this wire completes the circuit and has a p.d. Of 0V

Question 43

What colour is the live wire and what does it do?

Answer 43

Brown - provides energy to the device, potential difference of 230V

Question 44

What does a fuse do?

Answer 44

If too much current goes through then the wire melts this breaks the circuit and stops the current

Question 45

How does an RCCB circuit breaker work?

Answer 45

It breaks the circuit if there is a difference between the current in the live and neutral wires

Question 46

Internal energy equation

Answer 46

Potential energy + kinetic energy

Question 47

What is alpha radiation?

Answer 47

2 protons | 2 neutrons

Question 48

What is beta radiation?

Answer 48

An electron from the nucleus

Question 49

What is gamma radiation?

Answer 49

em wave

Question 50

What is alpha radiations range in the air?

Answer 50

Up to 5 cm

Question 51

What is beta radiations range in the air?

Answer 51

Up to 1m

Question 52

What is gamma radiations range in the air?

Answer 52

A long way

Question 53

What is alpha radiation absorbed by?

Answer 53

Paper

Question 54

What is beta radiation absorbed by?

Answer 54

A few mm of aluminium

Question 55

What is gamma radiation absorbed by?

Answer 55

Thick lead

Question 56

How ionising is Alpha radiation?

Answer 56

Very ionising

Question 57

How ionising is beta radiation?

Answer 57

Quite ionising

Question 58

How ionising is gamma radiation?

Answer 58

Weakly ionising