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science > Physics - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Physics - Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the different types of energy stores

A

Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Elastic potential energy
Thermal (heat) energy

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2
Q

What physical processes cause the transfer of energy between different energy stores

A

Mechanical (forces, sound waves)
Electric current
Electromagnetic waves
Heating

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3
Q

What happens in all energy transfers eventually?

A

Dissipated to heat in the surroundings

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4
Q

Pendulum

A

(GPE - KE - GPE)

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5
Q

Car at constant speed

A

(Chemical - thermal energy)

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6
Q

Car braking

A

(Kinetic ➡️ thermal energy)

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7
Q

Gravitational potential energy equation

A

Mass X gravity X height

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8
Q

Kinetic energy equation

A

0.5 X mass X velocity squared

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9
Q

Elastic potential energy equation

A

0.5 X Spring constant X extension squared

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10
Q

Energy equation

A

Mass X specific heat capacity X temp change

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11
Q

What is thermal conductivity a measure of?

A

How quickly thermal energy is passed through a substance by conduction

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12
Q

How can buildings be designed to have a Lower conductivity

A

Have thicker walls

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13
Q

The equation to calculate payback time

A

Payback time (years) = cost of installation (£) divided by savings per year in fuel costs (£)

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14
Q

One advantage and disadvantage of coal as an energy source

A

Pro - Relatively cheap to mine

Con - non renewable

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15
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of oil as an energy source

A

Pro - short start up time

Con - non renewable

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16
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear power as an energy source

A

Pro - produces lots of energy

Con - produced dangerous waste

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17
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of wind as an energy source

A

Pro - renewable

Con - no wind sometimes

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18
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of hydroelectric energy

A

Pro - renewable

Con - can flood areas

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19
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of solar energy as an energy source

A

Pro - renewable

Con - no sun at night

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20
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of Geothermal energy as an energy source

A

Pro - renewable

Con - only available in volcanic regions

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21
Q

What happens to something if it gains electrons

A

It becomes negatively charged

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22
Q

What happens if something looses electrons

A

It becomes positively charged

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23
Q

In electric fields what do the arrows show?

A

The way a positive charge would move

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24
Q

What is the current?

A

The rate of flow of charge

25
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The energy transferred by one coulomb of charge

26
Q

What is resistance?

A

A measure of how much a component reduces the current passing through it

27
Q

Potential difference equation

A

Current X resistance

28
Q

What happens to something if it gains electrons

A

It becomes negatively charged

29
Q

What happens if something looses electrons

A

It becomes positively charged

30
Q

In electric fields what do the arrows show?

A

The way a positive charge would move

31
Q

What is the current?

A

The rate of flow of charge

32
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The energy transferred by one coulomb of charge

33
Q

What is resistance?

A

A measure of how much a component reduces the current passing through it

34
Q

Potential difference equation

A

Current X resistance

35
Q

What happens to the current in a series circuit?

A

It’s the same everywhere

36
Q

What happens to the current in parallel circuits?

A

Shared between the different routes

37
Q

What happens to the potential difference in a series circuit?

A

Shared between components

38
Q

What happens with the potential difference in a parallel circuit?

A

Same across each different route

39
Q

What happens with the resistance in a series circuit?

A

Resistances add together

40
Q

What happens with the resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

Total resistance is Lower than the individuals resistors

41
Q

What colour is the earth wire and what does it do?

A

Green and yellow - if there is a fault and the case becomes live the current passes along this wire making the device safe

42
Q

What colour is the neutral wire and what does it do?

A

Blue - this wire completes the circuit and has a p.d. Of 0V

43
Q

What colour is the live wire and what does it do?

A

Brown - provides energy to the device, potential difference of 230V

44
Q

What does a fuse do?

A

If too much current goes through then the wire melts this breaks the circuit and stops the current

45
Q

How does an RCCB circuit breaker work?

A

It breaks the circuit if there is a difference between the current in the live and neutral wires

46
Q

Internal energy equation

A

Potential energy + kinetic energy

47
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

2 protons

2 neutrons

48
Q

What is beta radiation?

A

An electron from the nucleus

49
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

em wave

50
Q

What is alpha radiations range in the air?

A

Up to 5 cm

51
Q

What is beta radiations range in the air?

A

Up to 1m

52
Q

What is gamma radiations range in the air?

A

A long way

53
Q

What is alpha radiation absorbed by?

A

Paper

54
Q

What is beta radiation absorbed by?

A

A few mm of aluminium

55
Q

What is gamma radiation absorbed by?

A

Thick lead

56
Q

How ionising is Alpha radiation?

A

Very ionising

57
Q

How ionising is beta radiation?

A

Quite ionising

58
Q

How ionising is gamma radiation?

A

Weakly ionising

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