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science > Biology - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology - Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do Eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don’t have?

A

Nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria

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2
Q

How many times bigger is one order of magnitude?

A

10 times

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3
Q

Which is more powerful, an electron microscope or a light microscope?

A

Electron microscope

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4
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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5
Q

What is osmosis?

A

It is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane

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6
Q

What is active transport?

A

Dissolved molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower to higher concentration - requires energy from the cell

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7
Q

What does a nucleus do?

A

Controls cell activities and holds DNA

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8
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

Where most chemical reactions happen, contains lots of enzymes to control these reactions

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9
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

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10
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place

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11
Q

What is the ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made

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12
Q

What does the chloroplast do?

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

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13
Q

What is the permanent vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap

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14
Q

What does the cellulose cell wall (plant cell wall) do?

A

Supports and strengthens the cell

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15
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

Differentiate to become specialised

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16
Q

Name of 3 specialised cells

A

Sperm cell
Muscle cell
Nerve cell

17
Q

Function of the phloem

A

Transport sugar

18
Q

Function of the xylem

A

Transport water and minerals

19
Q

Function of the root hair cell

A

Take up water and minerals

20
Q

Function of muscle cells

A

To contract

21
Q

Function of the nerve cell?

A

Carry electrical signals around the body

22
Q

Function of the sperm cell?

A

Fertilise egg cells

23
Q

What goes into a cell when diffusion happens?

A

Oxygen and glucose

24
Q

What comes out of a cell in diffusion?

A

Carbon dioxide and urea

25
Q

What happens to diffusion when surface area is higher?

A

The rate of diffusion is higher

26
Q

What else increases the diffusion rate?

A

High temperature and higher concentration

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

It is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane

28
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

A high surface area compared to volume means that an organism can exchange substances with its environment easily

29
Q

Surface area of a cube

A

Area = height x width x length

30
Q

What do large organisms have to maximise exchange

A

Exchange surfaces - like the lungs and small intestine

Transport systems - like the circulatory system

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