Biology - Chapter 1

Question 1

What do Eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don’t have?

Answer 1

Nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria

Question 2

How many times bigger is one order of magnitude?

Answer 2

10 times

Question 3

Which is more powerful, an electron microscope or a light microscope?

Answer 3

Electron microscope

Question 4

What is diffusion?

Answer 4

When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 5

What is osmosis?

Answer 5

It is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane

Question 6

What is active transport?

Answer 6

Dissolved molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower to higher concentration - requires energy from the cell

Question 7

What does a nucleus do?

Answer 7

Controls cell activities and holds DNA

Question 8

What does cytoplasm do?

Answer 8

Where most chemical reactions happen, contains lots of enzymes to control these reactions

Question 9

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

Question 10

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 10

Where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place

Question 11

What is the ribosomes?

Answer 11

Where proteins are made

Question 12

What does the chloroplast do?

Answer 12

Where photosynthesis occurs

Question 13

What is the permanent vacuole?

Answer 13

Contains cell sap

Question 14

What does the cellulose cell wall (plant cell wall) do?

Answer 14

Supports and strengthens the cell

Question 15

What do stem cells do?

Answer 15

Differentiate to become specialised

Question 16

Name of 3 specialised cells

Answer 16

Sperm cell
Muscle cell
Nerve cell

Question 17

Function of the phloem

Answer 17

Transport sugar

Question 18

Function of the xylem

Answer 18

Transport water and minerals

Question 19

Function of the root hair cell

Answer 19

Take up water and minerals

Question 20

Function of muscle cells

Answer 20

To contract

Question 21

Function of the nerve cell?

Answer 21

Carry electrical signals around the body

Question 22

Function of the sperm cell?

Answer 22

Fertilise egg cells

Question 23

What goes into a cell when diffusion happens?

Answer 23

Oxygen and glucose

Question 24

What comes out of a cell in diffusion?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide and urea

Question 25

What happens to diffusion when surface area is higher?

Answer 25

The rate of diffusion is higher

Question 26

What else increases the diffusion rate?

Answer 26

High temperature and higher concentration

Question 27

What is osmosis?

Answer 27

It is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane

Question 28

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 28

A high surface area compared to volume means that an organism can exchange substances with its environment easily

Question 29

Surface area of a cube

Answer 29

Area = height x width x length

Question 30

What do large organisms have to maximise exchange

Answer 30

Exchange surfaces - like the lungs and small intestine | Transport systems - like the circulatory system