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MCAT > Physics and Math > Flashcards

Physics and Math Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

SohCahToa

A

sin of an angle = opposite over hypotenuse, cos of an angle =adjacent over hypotenuse, tan of an angle = opposite over adjacent

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2
Q

pythagorean theorem

A

x^2 + y^2 = V^2

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3
Q

force definition

A

vector quantitiy that is experienced as a pushing or pulling on an object, represented in newtons (N) equal to (kgxm)/s^2

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4
Q

gravitational force equation

A

Fg = Gm1xGm2/r^2 where G=universal gravitational constant 6.67x10^-11

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5
Q

friction

A

type of force that opposes movement of objects, either static or kinetic

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6
Q

static friction (fs)

A

between a stationary object and surface upon which it rests, equation is 0</=fs</=usxN where us is coefficient of static friction and N is magnitude of normal force

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7
Q

normal force (N)

A

component of force between 2 objects that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface it rests

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8
Q

kinetic friction (fk)

A

fk=ukxN where uk is coefficient of kinetic friction and N is noral force,

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9
Q

are wheels rolling on a road kinetic or static friction?

A

static, unless the tire begins to slide on an icy patch

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10
Q

which is always greater, static or kinetic friciton

A

static

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11
Q

weight (Fg) formula

A

Fg=mg mass x acceleartion due to gravity which is normally 9.8 m/s2

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12
Q

4 basic kinematic equations

A

v = v 0 + a t.
Δ x = ( v + v 0 2 ) t.
Δ x = v 0 t + 1/ 2 a t 2.
v^ 2 = v o^ 2 + 2 a Δ x.

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13
Q

circular motion equation

A

Fc = mv^2/r

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14
Q

torque equation

A

T = rxF=rF sin(angle)

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15
Q

torque in counterclocwise condition is ___, while clockwise is ____

A

positive, negativ

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16
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

K = 1/2 mv^2

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17
Q

gravitational potential energy formula

A

U=mgh

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18
Q

Elastic potential energy equation

A

U=1/2kx^2 where k is spring constant

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19
Q

total mechanical energy equation

A

E = U + K (potential plus kinetic)

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20
Q

conservative forces

A

forces that are path independent and do not dissipate energy, most common are graviational and electrostatic, does not include energy “lost” from a system in the form of dissipated heat from friction for example

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21
Q

nonconservative forces are path _____

A

dependent

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22
Q

work vs energy

A

work is not a form of energy itself but a process by whcih energy is transferred from one system to another even though both are represented in J

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23
Q

work equation

A

fore x distance cosign theta

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24
Q

when gas expands, we say work was done byt the __ and the work is ___, when gas is compressed, we say….

A

gas, positive, … work is done onto the gas and the work is negative

25
Q

power definition

A

rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

26
Q

power equation

A

P = W/t (Work over time), measured in watts which is J/s

27
Q

zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

when one object is in equilibrium with a second, and a second with a third, then the first is in equilibrium with the third as well

28
Q

temperature

A

measure of average kinetic energy of molecules that make up a substance

29
Q

thermal equilibrium

A

when there is no net heat flow between two objects in thermal contact

30
Q

third law of thermodynamics

A

entropy of a perfectly organized crystal at absolute zero is zero - there are no negative temperatures

31
Q

absolute zero in kelvin and C

A

0 and -273, the two units are contiguious

32
Q

thermal expansion formula

A

deltaL=aL(deltaT) where a is coefficient of linear expansion, L is original length, and T is change in temp in K or celsius, doesn’t matter

33
Q

volumetric thermal expansion formula

A

deltaV=BV)(deltaT) where B is coefficient of volumetric expansion

34
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

change in total internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy transferred inthe form of heat to the system,minus the amount of energy transferred to the system in the form of work.

35
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

objects in theraml contact and not in thermal equilibrium will exchange heat energy such that objects with higher temp will give off heat energy to lower temp until both are at equilibirum, heat measured in J

36
Q

types of heat transfer

A

conduction - direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule thru colllisions, requiring direct physical contact between the objects,
convection - transfer of heat by physical motion of fluid over a material, only liquids and gases can transfer this way,
radiation - transfer of energy thru electromagnetic waves

37
Q

cspecific heat

A

amount of heat energy neededto raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius or 1 unit kelvin.s

38
Q

specific heat of water

A

1 cal/(gxK)

39
Q

calorimetry formula

A

q=mc delta T, where m is mass, c is specific heat, and delta T is change in temp in celsius or kelvin, only works when there is a temp change so not during a phase change

40
Q

temp will not rise until all molecules being acted on have…

A

…udergone their phase change

41
Q

in phase change increasing heat and chaging state increases ____ energy, but not ___ energy

A

potential, kinetic

42
Q

equation for change in heat during a phase change

A

q=mL where m is mass of substnace and L is heat of transformation or latent heat of a substance

43
Q

both liquids and gases are considered

A

fluids

44
Q

fluids vs solids

A

btoh can exert forces perpendicular to their surface, but only solids can withstand shear (tangential forces), fluids can impose large perpendicular forces making falling into water from a significant height as painful as falling onto solid surface

45
Q

density formula

A

p=m/V

46
Q

is a liter equivalent to m^3? What is the density of water

A

NO, 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m^3

47
Q

weight of any volume of a given substance with a known density calculation

A

Fg = pVg

48
Q

specific gravity eequation

A

SG = P/1 gram/cm^3

49
Q

specific gravity definition

A

a variable used to compare density of fluid to that of pure water at 1atm and 4 degrees C

50
Q

pressure equation

A

P=F/A measured in Pa

51
Q

pressure distribution

A

pressure is same at all points and thus scalar quantity without direction

52
Q

absolute hydrostatic pressure

A

total pressure exerted on an object submurged in fluid

53
Q

absolute hydrostatic pressure equation

A

P=P0 + pgz (P0 is ambient pressure pressure at surface, p is density, g is acceleration due to gravity, and z is depth

54
Q

pascal’s principle

A

for fluids that are incompressible a change in pressure will be transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessels

55
Q

pascal’s principle equation

A

P = F1/A1 = F2/A2

56
Q

archimede’s principle

A

a body wholly or partially immersed in fluid willbe buoyed upwawrds by a force equal to thew eight of the fluid that it displaces

57
Q

archimede’s principle formula

A

F buoy = p fluid x V fluid displaced x g = p fluid V submerged x g

58
Q

cohesion and adhesion

A

cohesion creates surface tension, attactive force a molecule of liquids feels toward other molecules of the same liquid, adhesion is attractive force toward molecules of some other substance,

MCAT (7 decks)

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