physics and biology Flashcards
alpha particles
o consists of 2 neutrons and 2 protons and is equivalent to a helium nucleus
o high ionising but low penetrating power
o range is 1 to 2 centimetres of air
beta
o a high-speed electron ejected from the nucleus as a neutron turns into a proton
o medium ionising and penetrating power
o range is approximately 15 centimetres of air
gamma
o electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus
o low ionising and high penetrating power
o range is many kilometres of air
half life: definition
- the time taken for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay
what is the use of international system of units (SI) relevant to health:
- kilogram (kg) – mass
- metre (m) – length
- second (s) – time
what is the importance of using significant figures and science notation?
- makes calculation with large or small numbers less cumbersome
- reduces the chances of data errors
label this skeleton
types of bones and give examples
▪ long, femur
▪ short, carpals
▪ flat, cranium
▪ irregular, vertebral column
▪ sesamoid, patella
types of joint
▪ fibrous
▪ cartilaginous
▪ synovial
functions of the components of the musculoskeletal system
o skeleton - provides support, protection, attachment for muscles/ligaments, is a source of blood production and stores minerals
o muscles – facilitate movement and provide support
o the sliding filament theory of musculoskeletal function in terms of thick and thin filaments sliding over one another to bring about contraction and relaxation, and their working as antagonist pairs
what is the process of muscles contracting? (sliding filament theory)
o the role of calcium ions and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the formation of cross bridges
between actin and myosin filaments
o the role of ATP in breaking the cross bridge between the actin and myosin filaments
o the role of ATPase in restoring the myosin head to its normal position
o the repetition of this cycle leading to the shortening of the sarcomere
