biology B2 Flashcards
components of the cardiovascular system and their role
▪ atria,
ventricles,
aorta,
vena cava,
pulmonary artery,
pulmonary vein,
tricuspid valve,
pulmonary valve,
mitral value
aortic valve
o arteries
o veins
o capillaries
o blood made up of plasma, platelets, erythrocyte and leukocytes
what is the function of the components of the cardiovascular system:
o the path blood would take around the human cardiovascular system
what is the process of the cell cycle?
- the electrical activity of the heart (for example, PQRST waves) and how heart rate is controlled and
regulated - pressure changes in the heart and blood vessels and how this is linked to blood pressure
components of the respiratory system:
o tracheao
-lungs
o bronchi
o bronchioles
o alveoli
o pleural membranes
o ribs
o intercostal muscles
o diaphragm
functions of relevant components within the respiratory system:
o inspiration and expiration, including pressure changes within the chest cavity
o gas exchange
how does the adaptation of alveoli maximise the rate of diffusion:
o large surface area to volume ratio
o good blood supply
o short diffusion distance
o moisture levels
o body temperature
components of the digestive system:
o mouth
o oesophagus
o stomach
o pancreas
o liver
o duodenum, ileum and colon, including layers of the gastrointestinal tract
o associated glands linked to these components, including salivary glands in the mouth, gall
bladder and bile duct
function of relevant components within the digestive system:
o chemical digestion
o physical digestion
o absorption processes
what is the process of cellular transport in the small intestine to absorb glucose and amino acids:
- passive transport through the cell surface membrane:
o diffusion
o facilitated diffusion - active transport through the cell surface membrane
- co-transport mechanisms
components of the endocrine system:
o hypothalamus
o pituitary
o thyroid
o parathyroid
o adrenals
o ovaries
o testes
o pancreas
functions of relevant components within the endocrine system:
o the production and secretion of hormones:
o the activity of common hormones and their specificity in relation to target cells/organs:
▪ thyroxine
▪ cortisol
▪ oestrogens
▪ testosterone
▪ gastrin
▪ growth hormone
▪ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
what is the role of glands and hormones in homeostasis:
- mechanism of blood glucose level control
- mechanism of osmoregulation
- mechanism of thermoregulation
components of the nervous system:
o brain
o spinal cord
o sensory and motor neurones:
▪ dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath of Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, axon
endings/terminals and synaptic ends
o relay neurones
o synapses
function of the relevant component of the nervous system:
o sensory neurones carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)
o motor neurones carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors
o the process of synaptic transmission and the function of the components of a motor neurone
