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Combined Science IGCSE > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mass and what are its units?

A

Amount of matter and Kg

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2
Q

What is weight and what are it’s units?

A

Effect of gravitational field on mass. Newtons

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3
Q

What is the formula for working out weight?

A

W = mg (g=10 on earth)

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4
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

Density = mass divided by volume

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5
Q

How do work out volume?

A

Drop object in water and see how much level goes up by

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6
Q

What is friction and what does it cause?

A

Force that opposes movement and it causes heat and wear and tear

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7
Q

What is a force and what are they measure in?

A

Push or pull - Newtons

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8
Q

What is air resistance?

A

Friction of the air when an object moves

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9
Q

What is resultant force? What does it cause?

A

Overall force - acceleration of the object in that direction

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10
Q

What is no resultant force called an what happens?

A

Balanced - object travels at a constant speed

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11
Q

In Hook’s law a spring obeys F=kx What does F, k and x stand for?

A

F = force, k = spring constant, x = extension of the spring

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12
Q

How do you calculate k in Hook’s law?

A

Gradient of the graph

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13
Q

When does a spring reach its elastic limit on a graph?

A

No longer straight line

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14
Q

Why does an elephant cause less pressure on the floor than a woman in high heels?

A

Even though it has more weight (force) it has much less area so has less force per area (P = F/A)

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15
Q

Why do hot things expand?

A

Particles move faster and further away

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16
Q

What does evaporation cause cooling?

A

More energetic particles escape at the surface of a liquid to become a gas. Ones left behind have less energy so cooler

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17
Q

How can you speed up evaporation?

A

hotter, larger surface area, wind

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18
Q

How is heat transferred in solids and how does it happen?

A

Conduction - hotter particles vibrate more and collide with ones next to them passing on energy

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19
Q

How is heat transferred in liquids and gases and how does it happen?

A

Convection - hotter particles move faster and further apart so become less dense and rise

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20
Q

Which is the only way heat can transfer in a vacuum?

A

Radiation in the form of waves

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21
Q

What do like charges do?

A

Repel

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22
Q

What do opposite charges do?

A

Attract

23
Q

How does something end up with a positive charge?

A

Loses electrons

24
Q

How does something end up with a negative charge?

A

Gains electrons

25
Q

What is static electricity caused by?

A

Friction

26
Q

What is something that does not allow electricity to flow through it called?

A

Insulators

27
Q

Dies static electricity occur in insulators or conductors?

A

Insulators

28
Q

What is a flow of charge called and what are its units?

A

Current (Amps)

29
Q

What is emf and potential difference (pd) also known as? What are the units?

A

Voltage (volts)

30
Q

How is an ammeter connected?

A

Series

31
Q

How is a voltmeter connected?

A

Parallel

32
Q

What equipment measure pd?

A

Voltmeter

33
Q

What equipment measures current?

A

Ammeter

34
Q

What letter represents current?

A

I

35
Q

What letter represents charge?

A

Q

36
Q

How is resistance calculated?

A

R=V/I

37
Q

If a wire has a longer length what happens to its resistance?

A

Goes up

38
Q

If a wire has a higher cross sectional area (thicker) what happens to its resistance?

A

Goes down

39
Q

If resistance goes up what happens to current?

A

Goes down

40
Q

In a series circuit what happens to current? What happens to pd (voltage)?

A

Current same everywhere, pd splits

41
Q

In a parallel circuit what happens to current? What happens to pd (voltage)?

A

Current splits between branches and pd is the same in every branch

42
Q

What is the total resistance of 2 resistors in series?

A

Add them together

43
Q

What is the total resistance of 2 resistors in parallel?

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2

44
Q

What is power measure in?

A

Watts

45
Q

What letter represents power in triangles?

A

P

46
Q

What letter represents energy?

A

E

47
Q

What are fuses used for?

A

Prevent overheating

48
Q

Why should electrical equipment be turned off during experiments?

A

Stop wires getting hot as this could affect resistance

49
Q

Which letter represents speed in triangles

A

V (velocity)

50
Q

On a distance time graph what does a diagonal straight line mean?

A

Constant speed

51
Q

On a speed time graph what does a diagonal straight line mean?

A

Acceleration or deceleration (sloping down)

52
Q

How do you calculate speed on a distance time graph?

A

Gradient

53
Q

How do you calculate acceleration on a speed time graph?

A

Gradient

54
Q

How do you calculate distance travelled on a speed time graph?

A

Area under the line (split into shapes)

Combined Science IGCSE (3 decks)

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