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Applied Science > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

how do you convert:
increasing e.g cm into m
decreasing e.g. l into ml

A 
increasing = divide by 1000
decreasing = multiply by 1000
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2
Q 
what are the units for:
energy 
speed
force
power
temperature
A 
Joules (j)
M/s
Newtons (N)
Watts (W)
Kelvin/ Degrees
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3
Q

How do you convert
Kelvin to C
C to Kelvin

A

+273

-273

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4
Q

What is work done

A

the energy transferred from one store to another

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5
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A 
WD= Force x change in displacement
WD= Pressure x change in volume/ velocity
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6
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

0.5 x mass x velocity squared

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7
Q

what is the equation for elastic energy?

A

0.5 x spring constant x extension squared

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8
Q

what is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE= gravity x height x mass

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9
Q

what is the definition for power?

A

power is the amount of energy transferred per second

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10
Q

what is the equation for power?

A

power = work done/by time

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11
Q

what is the equation for pressure?

A

pressure= force /area

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12
Q

described how gas pressure is caused by?

A

particles that have a lot of kinetic energy

causes the particles to collide which exerts a force

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13
Q

What is the ideal gas law equation?

A

pressure x volume = no. molecues x boltzmans constant x temperature

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14
Q

what is the equation for Boyles law?

A

pressure x volume = constant

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15
Q

what is thermal equilibrium?

A

when all states within a system are at the same temperature

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16
Q

define temperature

A

the measure of average kinetic energy of particles

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17
Q

what is the equation for specific heat capacity ( change in energy transferred)?

A

DELTA Q= M x C x DELTA T

mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

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18
Q

What is the equation for specific latent heat? (energy transfer during change of state)

A

DELTA Q= m x l

Mass x specific latent heat

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19
Q

What is the definition for specific heat capacity?

A

the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg to 1K

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20
Q

what is the definition of specific latent heat ?

A

the energy required to change state of 1kg of substance

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21
Q

What is Latent fusion?

A

Change of state between solid and liquid e.g melting and freezing

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22
Q

What is latent vaporisation?

A

Change of state between liquid and gas e.g boiling and condensing

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23
Q

What is internal energy?

A

the sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles

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24
Q

What is the equation for the 1st law of thermodynamics?

A

Delta U = Q-W

Change in internal energy = heat added to the system - work done by the system

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25
Q

What is an adiabatic reaction?

3 factors

A
  • no net transfer of heat
  • Q = 0
  • the temperature can be changed
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26
Q

What is an isothermal reaction?

(3 factors)

A
  • constant internal temperature
  • slow temperature change
  • Q = W
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27
Q

What does the 2nd law of thermodynamic state?

A

entropy (measure of disorder) always increases

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28
Q

Draw the Carnot cycle?

A

google it

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29
Q

What does boyles law state?

A

that N and T are constant and that P and V are constant

30
Q

What is the definition of elasticity?

A

the ability for an object to stretch and then go back to its original shape

31
Q

What does Hooke’s Law state?

A

states that force and extension are directly perportional

32
Q

What is the equation for Hooke’s law?

A

F = K x DELTA X

Force applied = spring constant x change in length (extension)

33
Q

When is a gradient obeying Hookes law?

A

when the gradient is directionally perportional

34
Q

In Hookes law what does the gradient of the graph show?

A

shows the spring constant

35
Q

In Hookes law what does the area below the graph show?>

A

Shows how much work is being done

36
Q

Draw and label a force extension graph?

A

google

must include limit of proportionality, yield point and breaking stress

37
Q

Define stress?

A

The force per unit area of a material

38
Q

What is the equation for stress?

A

stress = force / cross sectional area

39
Q

What is the unit for stress?

40
Q

Define strain?

A

extension per unit length

41
Q

What is the equation for strain?

A

extension / original length

42
Q

What is the unit for strain?

43
Q

What is the equation for young’s modulus?

A

E= stress / strain

44
Q

Define young’s modulus?

A

measures stiffness of the material (stiffness constant)

45
Q

Draw the graph for young’s modulus?

46
Q

What does the gradient represent on the young’s modulus

A

it represents how stiff the material is

47
Q

Up to what point of the youngs modulus apply to ?

A

the limit of proportionality.

48
Q

Define brittle?

A

hard but liable to break (little or no plasticity)

49
Q

Define ductile?

A

the ability to be shaped by plastic flow under tension

50
Q

Define creep deformation?

A

slow version of plastic deformation but at a high temperature

51
Q

Define malleable?

A

ability to be shaped by plastic flow under compression

52
Q

Define fatigue?

A

weakness in a metal or other materials caused by repeated variations of stress

53
Q

Define ultimate tensile stress?

A

highest stress a material can sustain just before it breaks

54
Q

Define yield strength?

A

The stress at which plastic deformation starts

55
Q

Define density?

A

amount of substance per unit volume

56
Q

Equation for density?

A 
P = M / V
density = mass / volume
57
Q

Define fluid

A

a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to an external force

58
Q

Describe a laminar flow?

A
  • parallel path flows
  • slow and constant
  • less air resistance
59
Q

Describe a turbulent flow?

A
  • irregular flow
  • fast but inconsistent
  • more air resistance
60
Q

Describe viscosity?

A

the state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency

61
Q

What is the unit for viscosity?

62
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect viscosity?

A
  • temperature
  • molecular structure
  • pressure
63
Q

How does temperature affect viscosity of a liquid?

A

as temp increases the viscosity of the liquid lowers as it becomes easier for molecules to slide past each other

64
Q

how does temperature affect a gas?

A

the increase in kinetic energy created collisions

65
Q

What are newtonian fluids?

A
  • predictable response to force

- consistent viscosity

66
Q

What are non-newtonian fluids?

A
  • unpredictable response to force

- inconsistent viscosity

67
Q 
Describe diliant (shear-thickening)
how does the viscosity change?
A

changes viscosity when a force is applied

viscosity rises with a rise in shear strain

68
Q 
Describe pseudoplastic (shear-thinning)
how does the viscosity change?
A

when you apply a force it gets thinner

viscosity decreases with a rise in shear strain

69
Q

Describe rheopectic

how does the viscosity change?

A

-time dependent
when applying stress fluid gets thicker
when no stress it starts to get thin
-more viscous when stressed

70
Q

Describe thixotropic

how does the viscosity change?

A
  • fluids thin gradually on stirring then slowly reset

- less viscous overtime when stressed

71
Q

Describe Bingham plastics

how does the viscosity change?

A
  • behaves like a solid at low stress but above a yield stress they begin to flow
  • solid at low stress and as a viscous fluid at higher stress

Applied Science (3 decks)

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