Physics Flashcards
what does kinematics deal with?
the positions and motions of objects and their relation to time
what units does kinematics deal with?
displacement, velocity, acceleration, time
what do vectors deal with?
displacement, velocity, acceleration
what is a vector?
physical quantity with direction as well as magnitude
what is a scalar?
a unit that has no direction
what is an example of a scalar?
temperature or time
what is displacement?
change in the position of an object, with direction
what is the formula for velocity?
total displacement/time elapsed
what is acceleration?
the rate of change of velocity
what is the formula for acceleration?
final velocity-initial velocity/ time elapsed
what is the unit for acceleration?
ms2
what is instantaneous velocity?
limit of average velocity as time is made smaller
what is the formula for velocity as a function as time?
v=vo+at
what is the formula for displacement varying with time and velocity?
d=1/2 (vo+vf)t
what is the formula for displacement as a function of time?
d=vot+ 1/2 at
what is the formula for velocity as a function of displacement?
v2f=v02+2ad
what is the sum of vectors called?
a resultant
what can acceleration be caused by?
change in the direction, as well as the change in speed of velocity
what are the four cases of acceleration on a plane?
zero acceleration
acceleration due to changing direction but not speed
acceleration due to changing in speed but not direction
acceleration due to changing both speed and direction
what are the assumptions made with projectile motion?
- acceleration due to gravity is constant and directed downward
- the effect of air resistance is negligible
- the surface of the earth is a stationary plane (curvature of earth is negligible)
what is the time of falling in terms of projectile motion related to?
the time it takes from the highest point,
describe projectile path?
parabolic and symmetric
what is the formula for uniform projectile motion?
v=2πR/T
what is centripetal acceleration?
acceleration vector directed to the center
what is newtons first low of motion?
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
what is newton’s seconds law of motion?
The relationship between an object’s mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma.
what is newton’s third law of motion?
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
what is mass?
measure of the amount of matter in an object
it lends to the reluctance of an object to change
what is weight?
weight is the mass along with the force of gravitation
what is the formula for weight?
W=mg
what is static equilibrium?
an object that is not moving
what is important to friction at low velocities?
the direction of the force of friction is opposite to the direction of motion
friction is proportional to perpendicular force
friction is independent
magnitude depends on material
what is static friction?
force of friction when there is no movement
what is kinetic friction?
when there is relative motion
what is newtons law of universal gravitation?
every mass is attracted to another mass
what are keepers laws of planetary motion?
the law of orbits: planets move in elliptical orbits
law of areas: a line joining a planet and the sun sweep out equal area
law of periods: the square of any plane is proportional to the cube of the axis
what is an impulse?
the product of the average force acting on a body at the time of contact
what is conservation of momentum?
if there is no external force acting on a system the system remains in equilibrium
what is energy?
the ability to do work
what is work?
work is applied when a force moves through a distance
what is the formula for work?
W= force and distance moved
what is the unit for work?
Joule, which is kg.ms2
what is potential energy?
is stored energy, the ability of a system to do work base don it’s position or internal structure. example a spring
what is gravitational potential energy?
energy base don position,
what is the formula for potential energy?
f=mgh
what is elastic potential?
the potential found in a spring
what is the formula for elastic potential?
F=-kx
x is the distance of stretch, and k is the spring constant
how does spring content relate to coils?
the less stretchy the larger the spring constant
what is power?
the rate of doing work
what is the formula for power?
P=W/t
what does the conservation of energy encompass?
potential energy at different points
what is a rigid body?
an object with mass, that holds it’s shape
what is elastic modulus?
relationship of stress and strain
what is Hooke’s law?
directional relationship between stress and a spring
what is the formula for Hooke’s law?
F=-kx (k is constant)
what is the restoring force?
force that allows spring to come back to position
what is a period?
the time for one complete vibration
what is a frequency?
the number of complete vibration per second, and is the cycle, it is measured in Hertz
what is the amplitude ?
distance from the maximum vertical displacement, to the central point of motion, the greatest distance up or down.
what is the formula for simple harmonic motion?
T=2π√m/k
how do you calculate for pendulum?
T=2π√l/g
l is length, g is acceleration due to gravity
what is density?
p=m/v
what is pressure?
F/A
what is pascal’s principle?
pressure applied to one point in a fluid, is transmitted equally to all parts of a fluid
what is archimedes principle?
the magnitude of buoyant force, is equal to the weight of fluid displaced
what is buoyant?
upward force an object placed in fluid experiences
what is wavelength?
the overall shape of a wave
what is amplitude?
the maximum displacement of particles
what is the period (T)?
The time for one wave to pass at a given point
what is the frequency?
number of waves passing a given point in specific time
what is the formula for frequency?
f=1/t
what is the velocity of a wave?
v=lambda/T
what is the superposition principle?
if two waves pass through a point, the combined waves are the superimposed wave
what is constructive principle?
when two waves on opposite end interact and from a larger wave
what is destructive interference?
when two waves on the opposite ends and inverted collide and neutralize
what is pitch?
depends on the frequency of tone
what is intensity?
the amount of energy crossing an area in time
what is resonance?
when two vibration rates are the same
what is thermal contact?
if two objects can manipulate each others temperature
what is thermal expansion?
the phenomenon that most object expand when heated
what is boyle’s law?
if gas is compressed the pressure become related to the volume
what is avogardor’s number?
6.02 X 10^23
what is the formula for heat?
Q=mc∆t
what is the second law of thermodynamics?
no machine is every 100% efficient
what is entropy?
how much heat is unavailable for work
what is the formula for entropy ∆s?
∆S=∆Q/T
what is a conductor?
a material through which electricity can naturally flow
what is an insulator?
material through which electric charges do not move easily
what is an electroscope?
device used to indicate charge
what is coulombs law?
gives the magnitude of electrostatic force between two charges
what is electric flux?
number of field lines that pass through a surface
what is a capacitor?
electrical device for storing charge
what is ohms law?
V=I/R
looks at resistance, depend on length of conductor, cross section, and resistance
what is Ampere’s law?
looks at the calculation of currents and the direction they move in
what is Faraday’s law?
emf induced in a wire is proportional to the rate of the flux through the loop
what is the difference between a motor and a generator?
a generator takes mechanical energy and turns it into electrical and motor, takes electrical and turns it into mechanical
what is polarized light?
light is confined to a particular plane
what is the original ray of light called?
the incidence ray
what is the light ray after reflection called?
the reflected ray
what is the normal?
line perpendicular to the surface
what is the law of reflection?
the angle of incidence is equal the law of reflection
what is refraction?
the bending of light
what does the compound microscope do?
allows an object to be magnified
what is the angle of deviation?
a given ray that is bent from the original
