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Praxis Physical science > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what does kinematics deal with?

A

the positions and motions of objects and their relation to time

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2
Q

what units does kinematics deal with?

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration, time

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3
Q

what do vectors deal with?

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration

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4
Q

what is a vector?

A

physical quantity with direction as well as magnitude

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5
Q

what is a scalar?

A

a unit that has no direction

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6
Q

what is an example of a scalar?

A

temperature or time

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7
Q

what is displacement?

A

change in the position of an object, with direction

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8
Q

what is the formula for velocity?

A

total displacement/time elapsed

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9
Q

what is acceleration?

A

the rate of change of velocity

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10
Q

what is the formula for acceleration?

A

final velocity-initial velocity/ time elapsed

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11
Q

what is the unit for acceleration?

A

ms2

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12
Q

what is instantaneous velocity?

A

limit of average velocity as time is made smaller

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13
Q

what is the formula for velocity as a function as time?

A

v=vo+at

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14
Q

what is the formula for displacement varying with time and velocity?

A

d=1/2 (vo+vf)t

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15
Q

what is the formula for displacement as a function of time?

A

d=vot+ 1/2 at

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16
Q

what is the formula for velocity as a function of displacement?

A

v2f=v02+2ad

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17
Q

what is the sum of vectors called?

A

a resultant

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18
Q

what can acceleration be caused by?

A

change in the direction, as well as the change in speed of velocity

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19
Q

what are the four cases of acceleration on a plane?

A

zero acceleration
acceleration due to changing direction but not speed
acceleration due to changing in speed but not direction
acceleration due to changing both speed and direction

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20
Q

what are the assumptions made with projectile motion?

A
  1. acceleration due to gravity is constant and directed downward
  2. the effect of air resistance is negligible
  3. the surface of the earth is a stationary plane (curvature of earth is negligible)
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21
Q

what is the time of falling in terms of projectile motion related to?

A

the time it takes from the highest point,

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22
Q

describe projectile path?

A

parabolic and symmetric

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23
Q

what is the formula for uniform projectile motion?

A

v=2πR/T

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24
Q

what is centripetal acceleration?

A

acceleration vector directed to the center

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25
Q

what is newtons first low of motion?

A

Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.

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26
Q

what is newton’s seconds law of motion?

A

The relationship between an object’s mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma.

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27
Q

what is newton’s third law of motion?

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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28
Q

what is mass?

A

measure of the amount of matter in an object

it lends to the reluctance of an object to change

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29
Q

what is weight?

A

weight is the mass along with the force of gravitation

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30
Q

what is the formula for weight?

A

W=mg

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31
Q

what is static equilibrium?

A

an object that is not moving

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32
Q

what is important to friction at low velocities?

A

the direction of the force of friction is opposite to the direction of motion
friction is proportional to perpendicular force
friction is independent
magnitude depends on material

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33
Q

what is static friction?

A

force of friction when there is no movement

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34
Q

what is kinetic friction?

A

when there is relative motion

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35
Q

what is newtons law of universal gravitation?

A

every mass is attracted to another mass

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36
Q

what are keepers laws of planetary motion?

A

the law of orbits: planets move in elliptical orbits
law of areas: a line joining a planet and the sun sweep out equal area
law of periods: the square of any plane is proportional to the cube of the axis

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37
Q

what is an impulse?

A

the product of the average force acting on a body at the time of contact

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38
Q

what is conservation of momentum?

A

if there is no external force acting on a system the system remains in equilibrium

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39
Q

what is energy?

A

the ability to do work

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40
Q

what is work?

A

work is applied when a force moves through a distance

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41
Q

what is the formula for work?

A

W= force and distance moved

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42
Q

what is the unit for work?

A

Joule, which is kg.ms2

43
Q

what is potential energy?

A

is stored energy, the ability of a system to do work base don it’s position or internal structure. example a spring

44
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

energy base don position,

45
Q

what is the formula for potential energy?

A

f=mgh

46
Q

what is elastic potential?

A

the potential found in a spring

47
Q

what is the formula for elastic potential?

A

F=-kx

x is the distance of stretch, and k is the spring constant

48
Q

how does spring content relate to coils?

A

the less stretchy the larger the spring constant

49
Q

what is power?

A

the rate of doing work

50
Q

what is the formula for power?

A

P=W/t

51
Q

what does the conservation of energy encompass?

A

potential energy at different points

52
Q

what is a rigid body?

A

an object with mass, that holds it’s shape

53
Q

what is elastic modulus?

A

relationship of stress and strain

54
Q

what is Hooke’s law?

A

directional relationship between stress and a spring

55
Q

what is the formula for Hooke’s law?

A

F=-kx (k is constant)

56
Q

what is the restoring force?

A

force that allows spring to come back to position

57
Q

what is a period?

A

the time for one complete vibration

58
Q

what is a frequency?

A

the number of complete vibration per second, and is the cycle, it is measured in Hertz

59
Q

what is the amplitude ?

A

distance from the maximum vertical displacement, to the central point of motion, the greatest distance up or down.

60
Q

what is the formula for simple harmonic motion?

A

T=2π√m/k

61
Q

how do you calculate for pendulum?

A

T=2π√l/g

l is length, g is acceleration due to gravity

62
Q

what is density?

A

p=m/v

63
Q

what is pressure?

A

F/A

64
Q

what is pascal’s principle?

A

pressure applied to one point in a fluid, is transmitted equally to all parts of a fluid

65
Q

what is archimedes principle?

A

the magnitude of buoyant force, is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

66
Q

what is buoyant?

A

upward force an object placed in fluid experiences

67
Q

what is wavelength?

A

the overall shape of a wave

68
Q

what is amplitude?

A

the maximum displacement of particles

69
Q

what is the period (T)?

A

The time for one wave to pass at a given point

70
Q

what is the frequency?

A

number of waves passing a given point in specific time

71
Q

what is the formula for frequency?

A

f=1/t

72
Q

what is the velocity of a wave?

A

v=lambda/T

73
Q

what is the superposition principle?

A

if two waves pass through a point, the combined waves are the superimposed wave

74
Q

what is constructive principle?

A

when two waves on opposite end interact and from a larger wave

75
Q

what is destructive interference?

A

when two waves on the opposite ends and inverted collide and neutralize

76
Q

what is pitch?

A

depends on the frequency of tone

77
Q

what is intensity?

A

the amount of energy crossing an area in time

78
Q

what is resonance?

A

when two vibration rates are the same

79
Q

what is thermal contact?

A

if two objects can manipulate each others temperature

80
Q

what is thermal expansion?

A

the phenomenon that most object expand when heated

81
Q

what is boyle’s law?

A

if gas is compressed the pressure become related to the volume

82
Q

what is avogardor’s number?

A

6.02 X 10^23

83
Q

what is the formula for heat?

A

Q=mc∆t

84
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

no machine is every 100% efficient

85
Q

what is entropy?

A

how much heat is unavailable for work

86
Q

what is the formula for entropy ∆s?

A

∆S=∆Q/T

87
Q

what is a conductor?

A

a material through which electricity can naturally flow

88
Q

what is an insulator?

A

material through which electric charges do not move easily

89
Q

what is an electroscope?

A

device used to indicate charge

90
Q

what is coulombs law?

A

gives the magnitude of electrostatic force between two charges

91
Q

what is electric flux?

A

number of field lines that pass through a surface

92
Q

what is a capacitor?

A

electrical device for storing charge

93
Q

what is ohms law?

A

V=I/R

looks at resistance, depend on length of conductor, cross section, and resistance

94
Q

what is Ampere’s law?

A

looks at the calculation of currents and the direction they move in

95
Q

what is Faraday’s law?

A

emf induced in a wire is proportional to the rate of the flux through the loop

96
Q

what is the difference between a motor and a generator?

A

a generator takes mechanical energy and turns it into electrical and motor, takes electrical and turns it into mechanical

97
Q

what is polarized light?

A

light is confined to a particular plane

98
Q

what is the original ray of light called?

A

the incidence ray

99
Q

what is the light ray after reflection called?

A

the reflected ray

100
Q

what is the normal?

A

line perpendicular to the surface

101
Q

what is the law of reflection?

A

the angle of incidence is equal the law of reflection

102
Q

what is refraction?

A

the bending of light

103
Q

what does the compound microscope do?

A

allows an object to be magnified

104
Q

what is the angle of deviation?

A

a given ray that is bent from the original

Praxis Physical science (3 decks)

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