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Science > Physics 2 > Flashcards

Physics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Curved mirrors, obey the laws of reflection, but…

A

Each light ray will reflect at a different angle and will meet at a common point, called the focal point

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2
Q

Vertex

A

The point at which the principal axis touches the centre of the mirror

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3
Q

Focal point

A

A point on the principal axis where all light rays meet

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4
Q

Principal axis

A

An imaginary horizontal line that passes through the vertex

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5
Q

Focal length

A

The distance from the vertex to the focal point

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6
Q

Center of curvature

A

Where all the normals of incoming rays would meet at a point

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7
Q

Real image

A

Image formed by light rays that come from the location of the image

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8
Q

Magnification

A

Measure of how much larger or smaller an image is compared with the object itself

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9
Q

Magnification formulas

A

M= hi/ho di/do=M

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10
Q

If hi is _____ the image is_______

A

If hi is negative the image is inverted.

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11
Q

Behaviours of light between boundaries

A

When light transmits from one medium to another, such as air into water, the light waves bend.

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12
Q

Refraction

A

The bending of light rays as they pass between two different medias.
Due to the changes in speed of light.

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13
Q

The more light ________. _____, the more the light is _______.

A

The more light slows down, the more the light is refracted.

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14
Q

How fast does light travel

A

300 million m/s

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15
Q

The _____ the refractive index, the more the medium ________ the speed of light.

A

The larger the refractive index, the more the medium decreases the speed of light.

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16
Q

The ________ ______ of a material is equal to the ________ __ _______ __ _ _________ divided by the _________ __ _______ __ _ _________.

A

The refractive index of a material is equal to the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the speed of light in a medium.

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17
Q

Index of refraction (n)

A

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum/ air to the speed of light in another medium

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18
Q

Index of refraction formula

A

(C=3.00x10^3 m/s)

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19
Q

Optical density

A

The property of a material that determines how light behaves when it travels through it.
It is a measure of its tendency to absorb the energy of an electromagnetic wave.

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20
Q

The more optically dense the material is, the _______ a wave will move through it and the greater the “n” value will be

A

The more optically dense the material is, the slower a wave will move through it and the greater the “n” value will be

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21
Q

Index of refraction formula

A

N=c/v

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22
Q

N

A

The refractive index of a medium

23
Q

C

A

The speed of light in a vacuum
( 3.00 x 10^8 m/s)

24
Q

V

A

The speed of light in a given medium

25
Q

Notes about refraction

A
  1. The larger,the N, the more the medium decreases the speed of light and the more the light bends
  2. Light does not refract inside the medium, but at the boundry between two different mediums
26
Q

The direction of the refracted ray

A

Bends towards the normal when the light travels from a faster medium to a slower medium

27
Q

What is snells law

A

Snell’s Law is a of formula that uses values for the index of refraction to calculate the new angle that a ray will take as a beam of light strikes the interface between two media.

28
Q

Total internal reflection

A

When light reflects off the wall of a denser medium rather than passing through.

29
Q

Critical angle

A

A certain angle, where the refracted ray of light follows a path along the surface.

30
Q

What happens when the angle of incident is increased more than the critical angle?

A

The light ray will be reflected back inside the water

31
Q

Apparent depth

A

Objects that appear closer due to refraction causing an illusion.

32
Q

Application of total internal reflection

A

Fiber optics: uses light to transmit information along a glass cable

33
Q

Uses of Fibre optics

A

Lighting, networking, telephones

34
Q

Dispersion

A

The reflection of white light into separate wavelengths.

35
Q

How does refraction work

A

White light is refracted twice; when it enters and when it leaves.
When it leaves it is separated into different spectrums of colour that each travel at a different speed.

36
Q

Shimmering

A

The refraction of light in unevenly heated air.
It is refracted because hot air is less dense

37
Q

Mirage

A

Light that travels from cool to warm air that bends away from the normal.
(Total internal reflection)

38
Q

Types of lenses

A

Converging (Thick middle)
Diverging (Thin middle)

39
Q

Lens terminology

A

Principal axis
Optical centre
Axis of symmetry
Real image
Virtual image

40
Q

Optical Centre

A

The centre of the lens, where the principal axis and axis of symmetry intersect

41
Q

Axis of Symmetry

A

An imaginary vertical line drawn through the optical centre of the lens

42
Q

Real image

A

Occurs where real light rays intersect.
Can be caught in a screen

43
Q

Virtual image

A

Where virtual rays intersect.
Cannot be caught in a screen

44
Q

Focal length

A

The distance from the axis of symmetry to the principal focus

45
Q

Principal focus

A

F and F’

46
Q

Concave lenses

A

Light rays diverge and never meet in the other side.
Used in eyeglasses and telescopes

47
Q

Convex lenses

A

Light rays converge and meet and the real principal focus

48
Q

What will the image always be for concave lenses according to LOST

A

L- closer
O- upright
S- smaller
T- virtual

49
Q

When the object is more than two focal lengths away what will happen according to LOST

A

L- ?
O- inverted
S- smaller
T- Real

50
Q

When the object is more than two focal lengths away how is it used in applications

A

Used in camerAs

51
Q

When the object is between one and two focal lengths away, what will always happen according to LOST

A

L- ?
O- inverted
S- larger
T- Real

52
Q

Lens equation

A

1/f = 1/di + 1/do

53
Q

Optical illusion

A

An experience of seeing something that does not exist

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