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Science > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is light

A

Light is a form of radiant energy

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2
Q

How does light travel

A

Light travels in waves called electromagnetic waves and transfers energy from one point to another

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3
Q

What is a wave

A

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter

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4
Q

Electromagnetic waves…

A

Involve the movement of energy
And the particles move perpendicular to energy flow

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5
Q

Properties of transverse waves

A

Crest
Trough
Wavelength
Amplitude
Rest position

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6
Q

Crest

A

The highest point on the wave

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7
Q

Trough

A

The lowest point on the wave

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8
Q

Wavelength (Lambda λ)

A

The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough

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9
Q

Amplitude

A

The length from rest to crest or rest to through

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10
Q

Rest position (equilibrium)

A

The place where there is no wave

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11
Q

The larger the __________ the more _______ that is carried

A

The larger the amplitude the more energy that is carried

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12
Q

Frequency

A

The rate of repetition of a wave

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13
Q

The higher the ____________ the more ______ the wave passes along

A

The higher the frequency the more energy the wave passes along

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14
Q

As ___________ increases the _____________ decreases

A

As frequency increases the wavelength decreases

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15
Q

What relationship does frequency and wavelength have?

A

Inverse relationship

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16
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

It is a wave pattern made of electric and magnetic fields that travel through empty spaces

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17
Q

What is the range of electromagnetic radiation called?

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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18
Q

List the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest frequency to highest frequency

A

Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma Rays

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19
Q

List the colours from longest wave length to shortest

A

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet

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20
Q

What is the difference between the colours of light

A

Each colour has a different wavelength and frequency

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21
Q

What is the additive colour theory?

A
  1. White light is composed of all the different wavelengths of light
  2. Mixing three primary colours will make white light
  3. Mixing two primary colours will make a secondary colour
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22
Q

What are the primary colours in the additive colour theory?

A

Red, green, and blue

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23
Q

What is the subtractive colour theory of light?

A
  1. Absorption of light
  2. When light strikes and object some wavelengths are reflected, while others are absorbed.
  3. The colour of an object depends on the wavelength that are reflected back to your eyes.
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24
Q

What are the primary colours of the subtractive colour theory of light?

A

Magenta, yellow, and cyan

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25
Q

What colour absorbs all colours?

A

Black

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26
Q

What colour reflects all colors?

A

White

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27
Q

What colour does yellow absorb?

A

Blue

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28
Q

What colour does cyan absorb?

A

Red

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29
Q

What colour does magenta absorb?

A

Green

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30
Q

Luminous meaning

A

An object that gives off its light
Ex: light bulb and sun

31
Q

Non-luminous meaning

A

An object that does not produce its own light it is seen by reflected light
Ex: trees and moon

32
Q

Sources of light

A

Natural light and artificial light

33
Q

Incandescence

A

Like that is produced by an object that is at a very high temperature.
Incandescent lightbulbs contain a wire filament.
Ex: sun, fire, lightbulbs

34
Q

Fluorescence

A

Fluorescent lightbulbs are filled with gas and are coated with a white powder called phosphor. Fluorescent bulbs use 1/4 of the amount of energy as incandescent bulbs, but contain more toxic materials. Zoe’s a bum bum

35
Q

How do fluorescent bulbs work?

A

Fluorescent bulbs work by a current energizing the gas, which then emits UV radiation. The UV radiation strikes the phosphor and converts the UV to visible light

36
Q

Phosphorescence

A

Phosphorescent lights store energy from a source of light, and then emit it slowly over time. Phosphorescent lights glow in the dark after being energized by UV light.
Ex: glow in the dark toys

37
Q

Chemiluminescence

A

Like that is produced from a chemical reaction without a rise temperature.
Ex: glow sticks, luminol

38
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Bioluminescent is a form of chemiluminescence. It is when a plant or animal has the ability to produce light.

39
Q

Tribuminescence

A

Produces light from friction and electrical discharge.
Ex: crystals and lightning

40
Q

Light emitting diodes (LED)

A

It is an electroluminescent that can change how well it conducts electricity and it only flows current in one direction.

41
Q

True or false: LED operate using a large amount of electricity and are therefore very inefficient and radiate a high amount of heat

A

False

LED operate using a small amount of electricity and are therefore very efficient and radiate a very little heat.

42
Q

What are the different ways light can be affected when it strikes material

A
  1. Transmitted
  2. Reflected
  3. Absorbed
43
Q

Influence of transparent materials on light

A

Allow all light to pass through- we can clearly see through these materials

44
Q

Translucent

A

Allow some light to pass. We cannot see clear detail through these materials

45
Q

Opaque

A

Prevent light from passing through and the light is either absorbed or reflected. We cannot see anything behind this material

46
Q

Models of light

A

Wave model, particle model, ray model

47
Q

Wave model of light

A

Uses waves with similarities to water and light to explain 3 properties of visible light. Defined by its wavelength

48
Q

Particle model of light

A

Used to describe interactions of light with individual atoms.

49
Q

Ray model of light

A

Represented as a straight line called rays that show the direction light travels.

50
Q

Shadow

A

A shadow forms when an opaque object blocks light rays from a light source.

51
Q

Shadow from a small light source

A

Shadow is sharp and well-defined

52
Q

Shadow from a large light source

A

Shadow will not have a sharp edge because the object is only partially blocking the light.

53
Q

Umbra

A

All light rays are blocked

54
Q

Penumbra

A

There is a partial shadow

55
Q

Laws of terms

A

Normal, incident ray, reflected ray

56
Q

The law of reflection

A

When light reflects off a smooth surface, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection (θi = θr)

57
Q

The law of reflection key terms

A

Angle of incident and angle of reflection

58
Q

Angle of incidence

A

The angle between the incident and the normal

59
Q

Angle of reflection

A

The angle between the normal, and the reflected ray

60
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

I’ve checked that do not reflect an image can reflect light. When light rays reflects off a rough or uneven surface, they do not remain parallel and are scattered in different directions.

61
Q

Plane mirrors

A

Are the same as regular mirrors

62
Q

L.O.S.T

A

Location- distance & behind/ in front
Orientation- upright or inverted
Size- larger or smaller
Type- real or virtual

63
Q

Plane mirror LOST

A

L- same distance
O- upright and laterally reversed
S- same size
T- virtual

64
Q

Curved mirror types

A

Concave (converging)
Convex (diverging)

65
Q

Vertex (V)

A

The point at which the principal access touches the centre of the mirror

66
Q

Focal point (F)

A

A point on the principal axis where all light rays meet

67
Q

Principal Axis (PA)

A

An imaginary horizontal line that passes through the vertex

68
Q

Focal length (f)

A

The distance from the vertex to the focal point

69
Q

Centre of curvature (C)

A

Where are all the normals of incoming rays would meet at a point

70
Q

Real image

A

Image formed by light rays that come from the location of the image

71
Q

Concave mirror

A

A converging mirror has a surface that curves inwards like a bowl. Light rays converge at a focal point.

72
Q

Convex mirrors

A

A convex mirror is a mirror with the surface curving outwards. Light rays diverge, or spread out from the mirror.

73
Q

Uses for convex mirrors

A

Security mirrors, rear view and side view mirrors, automatic teller machines or computers, camera phones, border crossing, and bottom front of an airplane

74
Q

Magnification

A

It is a measure of how much larger or smaller an image is compared with the object itself. M= hi/ ho di/do = M

Science (5 decks)

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