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physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard unit of measurement in physics?

A

SI unit (International System of Units)

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2
Q

What is the unit of length in the SI system?

A

meter (m)

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3
Q

What is the unit of mass in the SI system?

A

kilogram (kg)

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4
Q

What is the unit of time in the SI system?

A

second (s)

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5
Q

What is the unit of electric current in the SI system?

A

ampere (A)

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6
Q

What is the unit of temperature in the SI system?

A

kelvin (K)

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7
Q

What is the unit of amount of substance in the SI system?

A

mole (mol)

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8
Q

What is the unit of luminous intensity in the SI system?

A

candela (cd)

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9
Q

Define accuracy in measurement.

A

How close a measurement is to the true value

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10
Q

Define precision in measurement.

A

How close measurements are to each other

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11
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

Density = Mass/Volume

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12
Q

What is the unit of density?

A

kg/m³

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13
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that can change the motion of an object

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14
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newton (N)

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15
Q

How is force measured?

A

With a spring balance

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16
Q

State Newton’s First Law of Motion.

A

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an external force

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17
Q

State Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

A

The force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration (F = ma)

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18
Q

State Newton’s Third Law of Motion.

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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19
Q

What is weight?

A

The force exerted by gravity on an object

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20
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

W = mg

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21
Q

What does ‘g’ represent in the weight formula?

A

Acceleration due to gravity, approximately 9.8 m/s²

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22
Q

What is the formula for speed?

A

Speed = Distance/Time

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23
Q

Define velocity.

A

Speed in a given direction

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24
Q

Define acceleration.

A

Rate of change of velocity

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25
Q

What is work in physics?

A

The energy transferred when a force moves an object

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26
Q

What is the formula for work?

A

W = F × d

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27
Q

What is the unit of work?

28
Q

Define power in physics.

A

The rate at which work is done

29
Q

What is the formula for power?

30
Q

What is the unit of power?

31
Q

Define energy.

A

The capacity to do work

32
Q

List the types of energy.

A
  • Kinetic energy
  • Potential energy
  • Thermal energy
33
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

KE = 1/2 mv²

34
Q

What is the formula for potential energy?

35
Q

What is the Conservation of Energy principle?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

36
Q

What does temperature measure?

A

The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

37
Q

What are the units for temperature?

A
  • Celsius (°C)
  • Kelvin (K)
38
Q

Define heat in physics.

A

The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one

39
Q

What is the unit of heat?

40
Q

Define specific heat capacity.

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C

41
Q

What is the formula for heat in relation to specific heat capacity?

42
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

Materials expand when heated and contract when cooled

43
Q

What is reflection in terms of light?

A

When light bounces off a surface

44
Q

What is refraction in terms of light?

A

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another

45
Q

What do convex lenses do?

A

Converge light rays

46
Q

What do concave lenses do?

A

Diverge light rays

47
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal wave

48
Q

What does sound require to travel?

A

A medium (solid, liquid, or gas)

49
Q

What are the key characteristics of sound waves?

A
  • Frequency (pitch)
  • Amplitude (loudness)
50
Q

What is current in electricity?

A

The flow of electric charge

51
Q

What is voltage in electricity?

A

The energy per unit charge

52
Q

What is resistance in electricity?

A

Opposition to the flow of current

53
Q

State Ohm’s Law.

54
Q

What is the formula for power in electrical circuits?

55
Q

What creates magnetic fields?

A

Moving charges (current) and magnets

56
Q

What is an electromagnet?

A

A coil of wire with a current running through it creates a magnetic field

57
Q

What does the electromagnetic spectrum include?

A
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
58
Q

What is the structure of an atom composed of?

A
  • Protons (positive charge)
  • Neutrons (no charge)
  • Electrons (negative charge)
59
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

A

In the nucleus

60
Q

What is radioactivity?

A

The emission of radiation from an unstable atomic nucleus

61
Q

List the types of radiation.

A
  • Alpha (α)
  • Beta (β)
  • Gamma (γ)
62
Q

Define pressure in terms of fluids.

A

The force per unit area

63
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

64
Q

What is the unit of pressure?

A

Pascal (Pa)

65
Q

State Archimedes’ Principle.

A

An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

66
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air above us

science: (11 decks)

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