physics Flashcards by e H

What is the standard unit of measurement in physics?

SI unit (International System of Units)

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What is the unit of length in the SI system?

meter (m)

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What is the unit of mass in the SI system?

kilogram (kg)

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What is the unit of time in the SI system?

second (s)

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What is the unit of electric current in the SI system?

ampere (A)

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What is the unit of temperature in the SI system?

kelvin (K)

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What is the unit of amount of substance in the SI system?

mole (mol)

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What is the unit of luminous intensity in the SI system?

candela (cd)

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Define accuracy in measurement.

How close a measurement is to the true value

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Define precision in measurement.

How close measurements are to each other

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What is the formula for density?

Density = Mass/Volume

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What is the unit of density?

kg/m³

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What is a force?

A push or pull that can change the motion of an object

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What is the unit of force?

Newton (N)

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How is force measured?

With a spring balance

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State Newton’s First Law of Motion.

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an external force

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State Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

The force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration (F = ma)

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State Newton’s Third Law of Motion.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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What is weight?

The force exerted by gravity on an object

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What is the formula for weight?

W = mg

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What does ‘g’ represent in the weight formula?

Acceleration due to gravity, approximately 9.8 m/s²

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What is the formula for speed?

Speed = Distance/Time

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Define velocity.

Speed in a given direction

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Define acceleration.

Rate of change of velocity

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What is work in physics?

The energy transferred when a force moves an object

What is the formula for work?

W = F × d

What is the unit of work?

Joule (J)

Define power in physics.

The rate at which work is done

What is the formula for power?

P = W/t

What is the unit of power?

Watt (W)

Define energy.

The capacity to do work

List the types of energy.

* Kinetic energy * Potential energy * Thermal energy

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

KE = 1/2 mv²

What is the formula for potential energy?

PE = mgh

What is the Conservation of Energy principle?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

What does temperature measure?

The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

What are the units for temperature?

* Celsius (°C) * Kelvin (K)

Define heat in physics.

The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one

What is the unit of heat?

Joule (J)

Define specific heat capacity.

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C

What is the formula for heat in relation to specific heat capacity?

Q = mcΔT

What is thermal expansion?

Materials expand when heated and contract when cooled

What is reflection in terms of light?

When light bounces off a surface

What is refraction in terms of light?

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another

What do convex lenses do?

Converge light rays

What do concave lenses do?

Diverge light rays

What type of wave is sound?

Longitudinal wave

What does sound require to travel?

A medium (solid, liquid, or gas)

What are the key characteristics of sound waves?

* Frequency (pitch) * Amplitude (loudness)

What is current in electricity?

The flow of electric charge

What is voltage in electricity?

The energy per unit charge

What is resistance in electricity?

Opposition to the flow of current

State Ohm's Law.

V = IR

What is the formula for power in electrical circuits?

P = IV

What creates magnetic fields?

Moving charges (current) and magnets

What is an electromagnet?

A coil of wire with a current running through it creates a magnetic field

What does the electromagnetic spectrum include?

* Radio waves * Microwaves * Infrared * Visible light * Ultraviolet * X-rays * Gamma rays

What is the structure of an atom composed of?

* Protons (positive charge) * Neutrons (no charge) * Electrons (negative charge)

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

In the nucleus

What is radioactivity?

The emission of radiation from an unstable atomic nucleus

List the types of radiation.

* Alpha (α) * Beta (β) * Gamma (γ)

Define pressure in terms of fluids.

The force per unit area

What is the formula for pressure?

P = F/A

What is the unit of pressure?

Pascal (Pa)

State Archimedes' Principle.

An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

What is atmospheric pressure?

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air above us