Physics Flashcards
to learn biology
What is electricity?
The flow of electric charge through a conductor, often in the form of electrons moving through a wire.
What is static electricity?
A build-up of electric charge on the surface of an object, involving the transfer of electrons.
What is current electricity?
The continuous flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically generated by power stations.
Define voltage.
The potential difference that pushes electric charges through a conductor, measured in volts (V).
What is current?
The rate of flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).
Define resistance.
The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).
What is Ohm’s Law?
V = I × R (Voltage = Current × Resistance).
What is power in electrical terms?
The rate at which energy is used or produced, measured in watts (W). P = V × I.
What are conductors?
Materials that allow electricity to flow easily (e.g., copper, aluminum).
What are insulators?
Materials that resist the flow of electricity (e.g., rubber, wood).
What is energy?
The capacity to do work, existing in various forms and always conserved in a system.
Define kinetic energy.
Energy of motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv².
What is potential energy?
Stored energy, such as gravitational potential energy or chemical energy.
What is thermal energy?
The internal energy of an object due to the motion of its atoms and molecules.
What is electrical energy?
Energy derived from the movement of electrons.
What is chemical energy?
Stored energy in molecules, released during chemical reactions.
What is nuclear energy?
Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms, released during nuclear reactions.
Define renewable energy.
Energy sources that are replenished naturally, like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy.
Define non-renewable energy.
Energy sources that are finite and deplete over time, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
What are forces?
Interactions that cause objects to move or change their motion.
What is gravitational force?
The force of attraction between two objects due to their mass.
Define electromagnetic force.
The force between charged particles that governs the behavior of electricity and magnetism.
What is the strong nuclear force?
The force that holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the weak nuclear force?
A force responsible for radioactive decay and other nuclear reactions.
What is friction?
The force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact.
What is tension?
A force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable when pulled.
What is normal force?
The perpendicular force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it.
What does Newton’s Second Law of Motion state?
F = ma (Force = mass × acceleration).
What is the greenhouse effect?
The process by which certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warmer.
How does the greenhouse effect work?
Sunlight reaches Earth, some energy is absorbed, and greenhouse gases trap heat emitted back into the atmosphere.
What are common greenhouse gases?
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Methane (CH4)
- Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
- Water Vapor (H2O)
What is the impact of the greenhouse effect?
Increased greenhouse gas concentrations lead to global warming, severe weather patterns, and ecosystem disruptions.
True or False: Human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases.
True.
What are critical areas for sustainable development?
- Managing energy resources
- Minimizing environmental impact
- Addressing climate change
