Biology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Allows gas exchange between the body and the environment

Question 2

Name the main organs of the respiratory system.

Answer 2

• Nose
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

Question 3

What occurs during inhalation?

Answer 3

Oxygen enters the lungs, diffuses into the blood

Question 4

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

In alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs)

Question 5

What is exhalation?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide is expelled

Question 6

List three respiratory disorders.

Answer 6

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Involves two parents and gametes (sperm and egg)

Question 8

What is the significance of fertilization?

Answer 8

Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote

Question 9

What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 9

Genetic variation

Question 10

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

Slower reproduction compared to asexual reproduction

Question 11

Define classification (taxonomy).

Answer 11

The system of organizing living organisms into groups based on similarities

Question 12

What is the hierarchy of biological classification?

Answer 12

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Question 13

What mnemonic helps remember the taxonomic hierarchy?

Answer 13

“King Philip Came Over For Good Soup”

Question 14

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 14

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

Question 15

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 16

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 16

Double helix made of nucleotides (Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine)

Question 17

What is DNA replication?

Answer 17

Process by which DNA makes a copy of itself

Question 18

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 18

DNA → RNA → Protein synthesis

Question 19

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

Answer 19

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body

Question 20

List the main components of the circulatory system.

Answer 20

• Heart (pumps blood)
• Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
• Blood (contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma)

Question 21

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 21

Heart → Lungs → Heart

Question 22

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 22

Heart → Body → Heart

Question 23

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 23

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy (ATP)

Question 24

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 24

• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration

Question 25

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 25

6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 26

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

Answer 26

In chloroplasts

Question 27

What are the stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 27

* Light-dependent reactions (in thylakoids, produces ATP) * Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle, makes glucose)

Question 28

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 28

Breaks down food into nutrients for absorption

Question 29

Name the organs involved in digestion.

Answer 29

* Mouth * Esophagus * Stomach * Intestines * Liver * Pancreas

Question 30

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 30

* Mechanical (physical breakdown) * Chemical (enzymes break down food)

Question 31

What is mitosis?

Answer 31

Cell division for growth and repair (1 cell → 2 identical daughter cells)

Question 32

What is meiosis?

Answer 32

Cell division for sexual reproduction (1 cell → 4 unique gametes)

Question 33

What are enzymes?

Answer 33

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Question 34

Give an example of an enzyme and its function.

Answer 34

* Amylase (digests starch) * Lipase (digests fats) * Protease (digests proteins)

Question 35

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Answer 35

* pH * Temperature * Substrate concentration

Question 36

What are the two categories of nutrients?

Answer 36

* Macronutrients * Micronutrients

Question 37

What constitutes a balanced diet?

Answer 37

Includes all nutrients in the right proportions

Question 38

What is ecology?

Answer 38

Study of organisms and their environment

Question 39

List the levels of organization in ecology.

Answer 39

* Organism * Population * Community * Ecosystem * Biosphere

Question 40

What are the components of an ecosystem?

Answer 40

* Biotic (living) * Abiotic (non-living)

Question 41

What do food chains and food webs illustrate?

Answer 41

Show energy transfer