Physics Flashcards
SERIES CIRCUIT
https://youtu.be/1KX1euMufdM?si=RqGuz8dsLyiKLGiq
The same amount of current flows through all the components
Components are arranged in a line
When resistors are put in a series circuit, the voltage across each resistor is different even though the current flow is the same through all of them.
If one component breaks down, the whole circuit will burn out.
If Vt is the total voltage then it is equal to V1 + V2 +V3
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
https://youtu.be/1KX1euMufdM?si=RqGuz8dsLyiKLGiq
the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each component.
In an electrical circuit, components are arranged parallel to each other
n a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each component. Even the polarities are the same
Other components will function even if one component breaks down, each has its own independent circuit
If Vt is the total voltage, then it is equal to V1=V2=V3
CURRENT
Measured in amperes
Caused by the movement of charged particles (usually electrons) in response to an electric potential difference (voltage)
The relationship between current, voltage, and resistance, is governed by Ohm’s Law
In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, so there is only one path for current to flow. The current is the same through all components in the circuit
In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same two points, creating multiple paths for current to flow. The total current is the sum of the currents through each parallel branch: The current in each branch depends on the resistance of that branch
In a series circuit, the current is limited by the total resistance. Adding more resistors reduces the current for a given voltage. If one component fails, the circuit is broken, and no current flows.
In parallel circuits, adding more branches increases the total current because total resistance decreases. Current is divided among the branches. If one branch fails, current can still flow through the remaining paths
VOLTAGE (ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE)
A measure of the energy per unit charge available to move electrons through a circuit.
Measured in volts (V)
In a series circuit,
- total voltage of the source is divided among the components.
- The voltage across each component depends on its resistance.
- The same current flows through all components in series.
- if one component’s resistance increases, it will impact the current throughout the circuit.
In a parallel circuit, each branch of a parallel circuit has the same voltage as the source. This is because each branch is directly connected to the voltage source.
RESISTANCE:
measured in ohms (Ω)
In a series circuit, components are connected end to end in a single path. The total resistance is the sum of all individual resistances. More resistance means less current because the total opposition to current flow increases. If one component fails, the whole circuit stops working.
In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same two points, creating multiple paths for current to flow. The total resistance is calculated differently, and it is always less than the smallest individual resistance. Adding more paths (components) decreases the total resistance because the current has more ways to flow. If one path fails, the other paths can still carry current, so the circuit keeps working.
OHMS LAW
To determine the voltage, resistance or current of an electric circuit.
V (voltage) = R (resistance) x I (current)
NEWTONS 1st LAW
LAW OF INERTIA
“If an object is at rest, it will stay at rest, unless a net force acts on it”
NEWTONS 2nd LAW
NET FORCE EQUALS MASS TIMES ACCELERATION
The more force, the more acceleration
F = m X a
NEWTON’S 3rd LAW
FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION
FARADAY’S LAW OF INDUCTION
a changing magnetic field through a coil of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the wire
TORQUE
T (torque) = F (force) x r (radius) x sin theta (angle between the force and the position vector)
HOW TO INCREASE TORQUE:
1) Applied force: Larger forces increase torque.
2) Radius: Increasing the radius increases the torque.
3) Angle between the force and lever arm: Directing a force perpendicular to the lever arm increases the torque.
If an object is at rest the torques on the object are balanced (they cancel out) and sum of those torques is zero.
MAGNETS
FARADAY’S LAW OF INDUCTION: a changing magnetic field through a coil of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the wire
always has to be in motion to produce a magnetic field
2 of the same poles repel each other, while opposite poles (N and S) attract
–> magnetic field is always stronger closer to the magnet
–> magnetic field lines go from the north pole to the south pole
2 of the same poles _____ each other, while opposite poles (N and S) _____
repel, attract
1st RIGHT HAND RULE
Thumb points in the direction of the electric current, when you curl your fingers, the direction your fingers are curling are the way the magnetic field lines are pointing
- If an object is already moving and the sum of all the vector forces is zero, then the object will:
a. Accelerate at a constant rate in a straight line
b. Come to rest
c. Move at a constant speed in a straight line
d. Increase its amount of inertia
c. Move at a constant speed in a straight line
- When a wave moves from shallow water to deep water, the:
a. frequency decreases, the wavelength increases and the speed increases
b. frequency does not change, the wavelength increases, the speed increases
c. frequency does not change, the wavelength decreases, the speed decreases
d. frequency does not change, the wavelength increases, the speed decreases
b. frequency does not change, the wavelength increases, the speed increases
- The definition of magnetic inclination is the angle between
a. Magnetic north and geographic north
b. Magnetic north and geographic south
c. The earth’s magnetic field at any point and the horizontal
d. The earth’s magnetic field at any point and the vertical
c. The earth’s magnetic field at any point and the horizontal
- The Magnetic field is
a. Strongest far from the pole and the direction at any point in space is tangent to the field line
b. Strongest near the pole and the direction at any point in space is perpendicular to the field line
c. Strongest far from the pole and the direction at any point in space is perpendicular to the field
line
d. Strongest near the pole and the direction at any point in space is tangent to the field line
d. Strongest near the pole and the direction at any point in space is tangent to the field line
scalar vs vector
Scalars = magnitude only (ex: distance)
Vector = magnitude + direction (ex: displacement)
displacement
the distance between an object’s initial position vs final position
Si = initial position Sf = final position
Formula: s = Sf - Si
magnitude + direction
(ex: 500m due west)
force
push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object
force = mass x acceleration
contact force
objects PHYSICALLY touching
(ex: friction, air resistance, tension, normal contact force)
noncontact force
objects physically SEPARATED
(ex: gravity, magnetic force, electrostatic force)
