Chemistry

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

substance that dissolves the solute

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

substance that gets dissolved

Question 3

The more solute there is per solvent, the more __________ the solution gets

Answer 3

concentrated

Question 4

Base Units: n, V, C

How to find each?

Answer 4

n = mol
V = L (if in mL, divide by 1000 to convert to L)
C = mol/L

 to find C, divide ‘n’ (number of mols) by ‘V’ (volume)
 to find V, divide ‘n’ by ‘C’ (concentration)
 to find n, multiply ‘c’ by ‘v’

Question 5

C1V1 = C2V2 Steps to solving:

Answer 5

1. Identify all info given as C1, V1, C2, or V2 then realize what variable you’re looking for
2. Re-arrange equation to isolate the variable you’re solving for
3. Do the math and solve
    Remember base units, C = mol/L and V = L, therefore convert from mL to L if needed

Question 6

TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
IONIZATION

Answer 6

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom/molecule

 increases going up, and to the right of the periodic table

 the lower the pH (more acidic a solution is), the higher the ionization energy

Question 7

ELECTRON AFFINITY

Answer 7

the amount of energy given off after an atom/molecule acquires an electron

 increases going up and to the right of the periodic table

 the lower the pH (more acidic a solution is), the higher the electron affinity

Question 8

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Answer 8

the ability of an atom/molecule to attract other electrons

 increases going up and to the right of the periodic table

 the lower the pH (more acidic a solution is), the higher the electronegativity

Question 9

ATOMIC RADIUS

Answer 9

the distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron

 increases going down and to the left of the periodic table

 the lower the pH (more acidic a solution is), the higher the atomic radius

Question 10

BALANCING EQUATIONS

reactants are listed on the _____ side of the arrow
 products are on the _____ side of the arrow

Answer 10

reactants are listed on the left side of the arrow
 products are on the right side of the arrow

Question 11

DECOMPOSITION REACTION

Answer 11

AB –> A + B

Question 12

SYNTHESIS (COMBINATION)

Answer 12

A + B –> AB

Question 13

SINGLE REPLACEMENT

Answer 13

AB + C –> B + AC

Question 14

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT

Answer 14

AB + CD –> AC + BD

Question 15

COMBUSTION

Answer 15

CxHy, + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

Question 16

STEPS TO BALANCE EQUATION:

Answer 16

1) Make a T chart with reactants (R) on one side and products (P) on the other

2) Write how many atoms each individual element has on the reactants side

3) If the number of atoms of an element on the product side doesn’t match the reactants side, you must add a coefficient in front of that element on the products side (so that coefficient multiplied by the number of atoms the element has will equal the number of atoms the element has on the reactants side

4) NOTE: if an element has a negative number of atoms on the products side, you may have to multiply all the coefficients by an even number such as 2
NOTE: if there are brackets in the equation, you multiply the outside bracket number by the inside bracket number (if there isn’t an inside bracket number, assume it is 1