Physics Flashcards
1
Q
What is a force
A
Pushes or pulls that occur when 2 objects interact- can’t be seen but effect can be seen
2
Q
What are forces measured in
A
Newtons - N
3
Q
What can you use to measure force
A
Newton meter
4
Q
Name 5 things forces can make an object do
A
Speed up - eg kicking a football
Slow down eg air resistance
Change direction
Turn eg turning a spanner
Change shape eg stretching and compression
5
Q
Forces can be balanced and ……
A
Unbalanced
6
Q
Balanced forces create no change of movement .true or false
A
True eg bus moving at a steady speed in the same direction -there is movement but forces are balanced
7
Q
Unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object- true or false
A
True eg motor boat accelerating -force from motor boat is greater than the resistance from the water so the boat speeds up
8
Q
Name 2 types of frictional force
A
Friction and air resistance
Friction acts between 2 surfaces eg tyre on a road
Air resistance is drag which pushes against objects moving through the air
9
Q
How does a parachute help you slow down
A
When a parachute opens air resistance increases as there is a larger area trying to cut through the air
10
Q
A sheep with a parachute on moves at a steady speed through the air- why
A
At this point the air resistance is equal to the weight of the sheep - the forces are balanced so they move at a steady speed
11
Q
What is the formulae for extension of a spring
A
Extension =position with weight -position without weight
Eg spring on a clamp without weight is 2 cm and once you add the weight it’s 10 cm
SO EXTENSION IF THE SPRING = 10-2 =8CM
12
Q
What is the formula for compression
A
Compression = position without weight -position with weight
13
Q
What is mass measured in
A
Kg
14
Q
What is the weight formula
A
Weight = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)
Weight in newtons of a 5kg mass on earth ?
On earth gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg so
Weight = 5 x 10 = 50 N
15
Q
What is the formula for speed
A
Speed = Distance
———————
Time
Remember SIDOT- SPEED IS Distance over time
16
Q
What are the 3 common units for speed
A
Metres per second =m/s
Miles per hour - mph
Kilometres per hour= km/h
17
Q
What factors affect your stopping distances
A
How fast you are going
The faster you are going the longer it will take to stop
18
Q
What is the formula for stopping distance
A
Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance
19
Q
What is thinking distance
A
The distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time
20
Q
What is braking distance
A
The distance the car travels under the braking force
21
Q
What factors affect braking distance
A
How fast you are going
How good your brakes are
How good your tyres are
How good the grip is eg road surface \weather/tyres
22
Q
Magnetic field lines always point from ———— to ————-
A
North to south
23
Q
Unlike poles———-
A
attract - so North Pole of a magnet attract the South Pole of a magnet
24
Q
Like poles ———-
A
Repel
North Pole of a magnet will repel - push away from the other north pole
25
How can you show the magnetic field around a magnet
Use a plotting compass- the needle in the plotting compass will align itself to the magnetic field
USE IRON FILINGS - THEY WILL REVEAL THE SHAPE OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD
26
Light travels in a straight line ? True or false
True- a light wave is also known as a light ray
27
Light travels faster than sound - true or false ?
True - eg you see lightening before you hear the thunder
You see the smoke from a starting pistol before you hear the sound\bang
28
Light rays reflect off a mirror - what is the name for the angle showing the light hitting a mirror
Angles of incidence
29
What is the angle of reflection
This is the angle a light ray is reflected off a surface like a mirror
30
Angle of incidence =
Angle of reflection - ie the light ray hits the surface at one angle and is reflected out at the same angle
31
What is refraction
When light bends when it travels through transparent materials eg light hitting glass and bending
32
How does a periscope work
A periscope uses 2 mirrors angled in a tube both mirrors angled at 45 so that light reflects into the users eye
33
What pattern does a light ray reflecting off a material make
A V shape
34
What shape does a light ray make when it refracts off a surface
Z shape or s shape - light bends when it refracts
35
Name a material which is transparent
A window - light travels through a transparent material
36
Name a translucent material
Tracing paper
37
What happens when light goes through a prism
Light rays get dispersed and split up into a full colour of rainbow - each colour has a different frequency
38
What is the order of colours of a light after the are transmitted through a prism
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Richard of York gave battle in velvet
39
What is electrical current
Electric current is the flow of charge around a circuit
40
Name a cell in a circuit
A battery
41
The more cells in a circuit the higher the f
Current
42
What is a conductor
A material that electricity can easily travel through eg metals
43
What is an insulator
A material that electricity doesn’t travel though easily eg wood and plastics
44
What is resistance in a circuit
Anything that slows down the current
45
What is the name of the component that measures electrical current
AMMETER - MEASURES IN AMPS -A
46
What is a series circuit
A circuit where the current flows around with no choice of direction-flows out of the battery and back into the battery
47
In a series circuit would an ampmeter measurement be the same at the beginning and end of the circuit
Yes -
48
What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
In a parallel circuit the current can take different routs around the circuit whereas in a series circuit the current can only take one route around the circuit
49
If you have an ammeter at the beginning of a circuit and and ammeter at the end of a circuit what should the readings be
The reading should be the same as the current is not used up it just flows the the circuit so the beginning reading should be the same as the end
50
In a parallel circuit the current will split between the different routes so you can sometimes work out the ammeter readings if given the amps going in and one of the route amp readings
TRUE OR FALSE
True
See book page 130 for examples
51
What is the formula for density
Density = mass
———-
Volume
52
Can you draw the density triangle
See pic in files
53
What is density measured in
g/cm3
kg/m3
54
When calculating density you may need to work out the volume of a shape
What is the formula for volume of a shape ?
Volume - length x width x height
55
How can you find the volume of an object by dropping it into a measuring cylinder
Take the volume of the water before the object is dropped in
Drop the object in and the water level will rise
The volume of the object is the change in water level - before and after
56
How can you find the mass of a liquid
Put the measuring cylinder on a scale and weigh it
Add the liquid and the weight will increase
The difference in weight with no liquid and the with liquid is the mass
57
A less dense liquid will float on top of a more dense liquid - give an example
Oil is less dense than water - so oil will float on top of water
58
Solids are more dense than liquids -liquids are more dense than gases
True or false
True
59
Is ice less dense than water
Yes - as ice floats on top of water
60
What happens to density when you heat a substance
Usually it becomes less dense eg heating a solid it becomes a liquid - liquids are less dense than solids as the particles are further apart
61
Can sound travel through a vacuum
No
62
What is a sound wave
A wave of vibrating particles
63
What is any substance that sound travels through called
A medium
64
Why does sound need a medium to travel through
Because something needs to pass on the sound vibrations
65
Can sound travel through solids, liquids and gasses?
Yes
66
The speed of sound depends on..
The type of medium it’s in
67
Does sound travel quickly in solids
Yes
68
Why does sound travel fast in solids
Because the particles are close together
69
Does sound travel slower or faster in solids or liquids
Slower
70
Why does sound travel faster in solids than liquids
Because the particles are further away
71
Why does sound travel the slowest in gasses
Because the particles are the furthest apart
72
Sound can’t travel in a vacuum
True
73
Speed = distance / time
74
what is amplitude
The loudness of sound
75
What can you see sound on
An oscilloscope
76
What is the amplitude of sound
The height of the wave
77
What does the amplitude show
How much energy the sound has
78
What does a large amplitude show
The wave has lots of energy
79
A large amplitude also means …..
It’s a loud sound
80
What is frequency
The pitch
81
The higher the sound the …
Higher the frequency
82
Can loud noise damage your hearing?
Yes
83
What happeneds when your ears hear a loud sound
The ear bones vibrate and sends signals to ur brain
84
What is sound measured in
Decibels
85
What is an auditory range
It’s a range of frequencies everyone has
86
Do the auditory ranges of people differ?
Yes, but the average is 20 - 20000 herts
87
Is it impossible to hear sounds with frequency’s less than 20 Hz and frequency’s more that 20000 Hz
Yes
88
What are the reasons that cause people to not be able to hear higher pitched sounds
1. Wax blocking ears
2. Nerve damage
3. Damage caused by illnesses and infections
89
Do animals have different auditory ranges than humans?
Yes
90
What are the six main energy stores
Chemical
Gravitational potential
Internal
Nuclear
Kinetic
Elastic
91
What are some chemical energy store
Food, fuels and battery have energy in this store, which is released by chemical reactions
92
What are some things ina gravitational potential energy store
Anything in a gravitational field ( i.e anything that can fall) has energy in this store, the higher it goes the more it has
93
What are some examples of internal energy stores
Enything has some energy in the store, the hotter the object the higher its temp and so the more energy it has
94
What are some examples of things that have energy in the nuclear energy store
Atomic nuclei have energy in this store, which is released in nuclear reactions
95
What are some things that store energy in the kinetic energy store
Anything that moves has energy in this store
96
What are some things that store energy in the elastic energy store
When you deform any object it will build energy in this store, rubber bands, springs, etc
97
Can energy be transferred between stores?
Yes
98
What are the different pathways that energy can be transferred through
Light
Sound
Heating
Electricity
Mechanical work
99
What does friction make energy do?
Causes it to be dissipated
100
What are the laws of conservation of energy
Energy can never be created nor destroyed it’s only ever transferred from one store to another
Energy is only useful when it’s transferred from one store to a useful store
101
Sometimes energy gets lost, nearly always to internal energy stores by heating, when this happens we say?
The energy has been dissipated or wasted
102
Total energy input = ?
Total energy input = the useful energy + the wasted energy
103
Can you measure energy transfers
Yes
104
What’s energy measured in
Joules
105
What are the seven ways of generating electricity
Wind
Wave
Geothermal
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Solar
Tidal
106
Extension of a spring - what affects the amount by which the spring is extended
The amount of force applied. If you double the force applied ( eg by applying weights to the end of the spring) you will double the extension
107
What is voltage measured in and how do you test it
Voltage is measured in Volts using a Voltmeter
108
What is current measured in and what do you use to measure it
Current is measured in Amps (A) - using an Ammeter
109
Describe what current is in a circuit
The current in a circuit is how quickly electrons are flowing around it.
110
Explain what the voltage of a circuit is
Voltage of a circuit is the amount of energy it uses up or gives out
111
Which direction do magnetic field lines flow
Magnetic field lines flow from north to south in smooth curves-
112
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
Reflection
113
Explain what refraction of light is
When light passes between different mediums ie materials - which are of different density eg light passing between air and water in a glass there is a change in direction of the light
114
See physics flash cards for eg of how light is refracted when it moves from less dense to more dense material and vice versa
115
What happens when light passes through a prism
The light is refracted and then dispersed into the different colours of the spectrum
116
What are the colours of the spectrum
RED
ORANGE
YELLOW
GREEN
BLUE
VIOLET
117
Will an object have the same mass whether it’s on earth or another planet
Yes - the mass of an object never changes no matter where in the universe it is
118
Will an object with the same mass have a different weight on a different planet
Yes
A 1 kg mass will weight less on Mars than it does on earth as the gravitational field strength is different
119
Weight is a force measured in newtons using a newton meter
Yes
120
Is mass a force
How do you measure mass
Not a force
Measure using a measuring scale
121
What is mass measured in
Kg or g
122
What is weight measured in
Newtons
123
Is the sun a star
Yes
124
How many planets orbit the sun
8
Neptune
Saturn
Mars
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Jupiter
Uranus
125
How do the planets move around the sun
In orbits
126
What keeps the planets moving around the sun in there orbits
The pull of the suns gravity keeps the 8 planets in orbit
127
How is the moon kept in place as it orbits earth
By gravity
128
How long does it take for the earth to orbit the sun
365 days
129
Explain how you can see the stars and satellites at night when it’s dark
The sun and other stars are light sources so they give out light which reflects off the planets and moon so we can see them through a telescope
130
Is the moon and the other planets like the earth light sources
No - they don’t give off light - we see them because light is reflected off the sun
131
How long does it take for the earth to rotate once on its axis around the sun
It takes 24 hours
132
Explain what happens on a solar eclipse
When the moon passes between the sun and the earth blocking the suns light from reaching the earth
133
What is a satellite
Something which orbits around a planet or star eg the moon is a satellite- it orbits the earth in 28 days
134
Give some examples of artificial satellites
Communication and navigation satellites eg radio and tv satellites or gps satellites which sat nav uses
Weather satellites to monitor the weather
135
What is the equation for measuring the weight of an object
Weight = mass x gravitational field strength
136
How do you calculate mass of an object when you know the weight and gravitational field strength
Use formula
Weight
m X g
So mass = weight \ gravitational field strength
137
Name 2 types of fuel
Biomass
Fossil fuels
