Hurst Corrections

Question 1

Where does aerobic respiration occur in a plant cell

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells

Answer 2

Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which traps the light energy needed to make photosynthesis happen.

Question 3

How do plant cells obtain energy

Answer 3

From photosynthesis

Through aerobic respiration which occurs in mitochondria - glucose is broken down to produce energy

Question 4

What food do you need for a balanced diet

Answer 4

Fat -lipids
Carbohydrates
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre
Water

Question 5

What are carbohydrates needed for

Answer 5

Energy

Body uses glucose molecules from carbohydrates in respiration to produce energy

Question 6

What is protein used for in the body

Answer 6

Building cells

Proteins used for growth and the repair of damaged tissue

Question 7

What are lipids used by the body for

Answer 7

Also used for energy - like carbohydrates

Body uses lipids if carbohydrates run out

Also lipids act as insulation to keep you warm

Question 8

Name some minerals needed for a balanced diet

Answer 8

Iron - needed for blood - people with low iron are anemic

Calcium - needed for teeth and bones

Sodium - salt - needed for nerve cells

Question 10

Name some types of food which contain fibre and explain how the body uses fibre

Answer 10

Fibre is in vegetables fruit and cereals

Fibre is needed to move food through your digestive system

Question 11

Why is water important for the body

Answer 11

Up to 60 % of the body is made of water

Body is constantly losing water through sweating, going to the toilet and breathing

To remain healthy and avoid dehydration it is important to replace lost water

Parts of the body need water

Eyes - water provides moisture to eyes
Kidneys - water helps our kidneys get rid of waste
Body temperature- water allows our body to get rid of excess heat as sweat
Digestive system- water helps our body digest food
Muscles and joints - water allows joints to move smoothly

Question 12

What is the definition of insect pollination

Answer 12

Where the pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma

Question 13

What’s the name of the male part of a flower and name some parts

Answer 13

Male part of the flower is called stamen

Made up of

Anther - contains pollen grain which produce male sex cells

Filament - supports the anther

Question 14

What’s the name of the female parts of the flower and name some different parts

Answer 14

Female part of the flower is carpel

Female parts are

Stigma
Style
Ovary

Ovary contains egg cell

Question 15

Name the different levels in a food chain starting at the bottom

Answer 15

Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Top carnivore

Question 16

What’s the difference between a food chain and a food web

Answer 16

Food chains just follow one path of what eats what

Food webs contain many interlinked food chains

Question 17

What is a top carnivore in a food chain

Answer 17

An animal that is not eaten by anything else

Question 18

What is a primary consumer in a foood chain

Answer 18

An animal that eats producers

Question 19

What are secondary consumers in a food chain

Answer 19

An animal that eats a primary consumer

Question 20

What is a tertiary consumer

Answer 20

An animal that eats a secondary consumer

Question 21

Name 2 experiments that show photosynthesis in plants

Answer 21

Pondweed experiment

Starch test in a leaf

Question 22

What gas is given off when you shine light at the pondweed

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

Describe the function of genes in a cell

Answer 23

They control the production of proteins in the cell

Question 24

Describe an organ system in plants

Answer 24

Root system

Question 25

Describe how a unicellular animal are adapted to feed

Answer 25

They wrap the cell membrane around the food and take it into the cell

Question 26

What is the name for the process whereby oxygen moves into an animal cell

Answer 26

DIFFUSSION O2 DIFFUSE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF O2 TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION SO AS HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF O2 OUTSIDE OF CELL THAN INSIDE DIFFUSION WILL OCCUR AND O2 WILL MOVE INTO THE CELL

Question 27

What is the name of the process whereby CO2 MOVES OUT of a cell

Answer 27

DIFFUSION C02 WILL MOVE OUT OF a cell as there is a higher concentration of C02 molecules inside the cell so the co2 molecules will move out of the cell

Question 28

What is another name for a lipid

Answer 28

Fat

Question 29

What is osteoporosis and what can cause it

Answer 29

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens the bones and makes them fragile and easy to break caused by lack of calcium

Question 30

What is the disease caused by lack of vitamin C

Answer 30

Scurvy Symptoms include Tiredness Muscle pain Bruising Bleeding gums

Question 31

Name an effect of eating too much saturated fat

Answer 31

Can increase the level of blood cholesterol which can lead to heart disease and heart attacks

Question 32

What form of energy is stored in a battery

Answer 32

Chemical

Question 33

In an experiment what is an independent variable

Answer 33

It’s the thing you change in the experiment

Question 34

What is the dependent variable in an experiment

Answer 34

It’s the thing you measure

Question 35

What is the control variable in an experiment

Answer 35

It’s the thing you keep the same

Question 37

Name a good conductor of electricity

Answer 37

Copper Eg copper pipes

Question 38

Name a non metallic element that is solid at room temperature

Answer 38

Iodine

Question 39

Give an example of a decomposition experiment

Answer 39

Heating copper II carbonate - produces 2 different substances Copper II Oxide Carbon dioxide

Question 40

Describe what oxidation is Give an example

Answer 40

Adding oxygen to a substance Examples Combustion- eg burning a fuel Rusting - iron reacts with oxygen in air to produce iron oxide = rust

Question 42

What is the colour change when you heat copper II carbonate

Answer 42

Green to black. Remember this is a decomposition reaction

Question 43

Name a metal that is liquid at room temperature

Answer 43

Mercury

Question 44

Describe the MOVEMENT of particles in a liquid

Answer 44

Particles in a liquid move randomly vibrating and sliding past each other This allows liquids to flow and take the shape of their container

Question 45

Describe the MOVEMENT of particles in a solid

Answer 45

Particles in a solid vibrate but do not move freely around. They stay tightly packed in a regular pattern. This gives solids their fixed shape

Question 46

How do particles move in a gas

Answer 46

They move rapidly and randomly in all directions- constantly colliding with each other and the container walls

Question 47

What happens when you heat magnesium

Answer 47

It reacts with oxygen and gives a bright white flame It forms magnesium oxide It’s an example of oxidation It’s also an exothermic reaction- meaning it gives out heat

Question 48

What is a saturated solution

Answer 48

When no more solute will dissolve in a given amount of solvent Eg sugar and water

Question 49

Describe an experiment to show diffusion in liquids

Answer 49

Put some potassium manganate in a beaker. It’s purple Add water The particles of potassium manganate will diffuse among the particles of water Eventually the purple colour will be evenly spread out through the water The diluted liquid will be a pale purple colour

Question 50

Acid and base =

Answer 50

Salt and water

Question 51

What type reaction is acid +base

Answer 51

Neutralisation

Question 52

What ph will the product of a neutralisation experiment be

Answer 52

7 - as its neutral

Question 53

The salt you get from a neutralisation depends on the acid used Complete the following Hydrochloric acid produces - chloride salts Sulfuric acids produce- sulphate salts Nitric acid produces nitrate salts

Question 54

Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide

Answer 54

Nitric acid will produce nitrate salts so its sodium nitrate

Question 55

Name the product of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

Answer 55

Hydrochloric acid reacts with a base to give chloride salts So its sodium chloride

Question 56

Describe an experiment showing neutralisation

Answer 56

Making salt by neutralisation