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SCIENCE GR 10 > PHYSICS > Flashcards

PHYSICS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Wave

A

disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another w/o transferring matter

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2
Q

Medium

A

type of matter the wave is travelling therough

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

wave height/depth from the rest position

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4
Q

Frequency

A

the rate of repetition of a wave

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5
Q

relationship between frequency and wavelength

A

higher frequency = higher energy = higher amplitude = shorter wavelength

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6
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

wave pattern made of electric and magnetic fields, travel through empty space

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7
Q

additive colour theory

A

lights have colours, that when combined, they create new colours

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8
Q

subtractive colour theory

A

coloured matter selectively absorbs diff colours (wavelengths) of light

  • absorbed colours cannot be seen
  • not-absorbed colours are seen
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9
Q

Bioluminescence

A

ability of a plant or animal to produce light (ie. jellyfish)

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10
Q

Incandescent

A

by an object that is at very high temperatures (ie. filament in lightbulbs)

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11
Q

Fluorescent

A

emitted by a substance when exposed to electromagnetic radiation (fluorescent light bulb)

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12
Q

Triboluminescence

A

by friction (rubbing two quartz)

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13
Q

Phosphorescent

A

stored light (energy) slowly emitted over time (glow in the dark toys)

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14
Q

Chemiluminescence

A

light from a chemical reaction (glow sticks)

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15
Q

Electroluminescence

A

transforming electrical energy directly into light energy (LED)

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16
Q

Electric Discharge

A

electric current passes through the air or gas (lightning, neon lighting sign)

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17
Q

transparent

A

transmits light freely (reflects very little)

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18
Q

translucent

A

transmits some light, not enough to see through clearly

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19
Q

opaque

A

absorbs or reflects all light but does not transmit light

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19
Q

Regular reflection

A

all rays reflected at same angles so they reach your eyes (allows us to see image in reflection)

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20
Q

shadows

A
  • opaque object blocks direct light
    umbra: part of shadow in which all light rays from source are blocked
    penumbra: area of partial shadow
21
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

rays reflect off a rough or uneven surface –> do not remain parallel to one another –> Does not allow for image reflection

22
Q

law of reflection

A

the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection

23
Q

Concave mirror

A

curves away, converging, real or virtual images that are magnified or reduced or inverted

24
Q

Convex mirror

A

curves towards you, diverging, produces images that is virtual, upright, reduced

25
Q

Refraction

A

bending of light as it passes from one medium into another
(when light moves from one medium to another, the direction and speed change )

  • speed of light decreases as angle of refraction becomes smaller
26
Q

RULES FOR REFRACTION

A
  1. if speed of light in SECOND medium is LESS than speed of light in FIRST medium, will BEND TOWARD from normal
  2. if speed of light in SECOND medium is GREATER than speed of light in FIRST medium, will BEND AWAY from normal
27
Q

Dispersion

A

process of separating colors by refraction

28
Q

total internal reflection

A

light reflects completely off the inner boundary of a denser medium rather than passing through

29
Q

Mirage

A

image of distant object produced as light refracts through air of different densities
- as light rays passes through layers of air w/ progressively lower indexes of refraction, eventually the light is totally internally reflected to create the reflection (the mirage)

30
Q

Fibre Optics

A

thin transparent glass tube that can transmit light, even around corners, (light cant escape so travels all the way to the end)

31
Q

optic centre

A

where optical axis and principal axis meet

32
Q

principal focus

A

where the light rays parallel to PA converge after refraction

33
Q

axis of symmetry

A

an imaginary vertical line is drawn through optical centre of lens

34
Q

Concave/converging lense

A

converge through a single point after refraction through lens

35
Q

Convex/ diverging

A

rays diverge and will not meet on the other side of the lens

36
Q

Perception

A

ability to interpret info about the surroundings from the effects of visible light reaching the eye

37
Q

Optometrist

A

a professional trained to test vision

38
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

a specialized eye surgeon

39
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

Cornea

A

light rays are refracted by the cornea to direct light correctly to your eye

41
Q

Pupil

A

a hole that allows light to pass into the eye

42
Q

Iris

A

controls size of pupil –> controls amount of light that enters eye

43
Q

Retina

A

inner lining at the back of the eye that acts as a screen for light rays entering your eyes

44
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

adjust your focus (can make it round to see distant objects or flatten to see close objects)

45
Q

detecting light

A

light is absorbed by photoreceptors (cells in the retina that are sensitive to light)

46
Q

Rod cells

A

help to detect shape and movements in low light (only see gray)

47
Q

cone cells

A

used to detect color. Three types, each of which detects a different primary colour well

48
Q

near-sitted

A

see nearby objects but cannot see distant objects

49
Q

far-sitted

A

see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects

50
Q
A

SCIENCE GR 10 (3 decks)

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