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SCIENCE GR 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

compound

A

pure substance made of two or more elements that are combined together chemically

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2
Q

ionic compounds

A
  • formed from one or more positively charged ions and one or more negatively charged ions bonded together
  • exchange of electrons
  • between metal and non-metal
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3
Q

Ionic bond

A

formed from the force of attraction between (+) and (-) ions

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4
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

high melting point: tends to be solid since the crystal lattice is so strong, lots of energy is needed to melt into liquid

most ionic compounds are soluble: water is a polar molecule (some electrons aren’t shared equally), and a lot of H2O molecules can have enough force to detach an ion

Conduct electricity: when in liquid/aqueous solution ionic can conduct electricity (ions are able to move freely in liquid state, electricity is movement of charge)

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5
Q

Molecular compound

A

atoms sharing electrons

  • between two non-metals
  • shared electrons belong to both atoms
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6
Q

Covalent Bond

A

bond from sharing electrons (in molecular electrons)

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7
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

two or more of the same element share electrons to be stable

ex. H2, O2, F2

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8
Q

Double Bond + Triple Bond

A

2 pairs of shared electrons = double bond
3 pairs of shared electrons = triple bond

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9
Q

Properties of Molecular compounds

A

low melting/boiling point: weak attraction usually gas or liquid, no crystal lattice sturcture

do NOT conduct electricity (mc have no charge)

some dissolve in water, some do not (no charge, so H20 molecules dont affect it but some are similar to water thus they dissolve)

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10
Q

Binary Ionic Compounds

A

metal + non-metal (two atoms)
how to name:
- leave metal the same, change ending of non-metal to “ide”

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11
Q

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

A

1 metal and a group of non-metals that have an overall charge (2+ atoms)
how to name:
- 1st is either:
single valent metal
multivalent metal
ammonium
then: name of the last atom, change to ‘ide”

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12
Q

Binary Molecular Compounds

A

2 non-metals
how to name:
use prefix, (no mono for the first atom), change the ending of the second atom to “ide

prefixes:
1 - mono
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - petra
6 - hexa
7 - hepta
8 - octo
9 - nona
10 - deca

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13
Q

Law of Conservation

A

mass cannot created or destroyed, meaning the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of

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14
Q

Types of reactions

A

Synthesis: A + B –> AB
Decomposition: AB —> A + B
Single Displacement: C + AB –> CB + A
Double Displacement: AB + CD –> AD + CB
Complete Combustion:
Fuel (hydrocarbon) + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Incomplete Combustion:
Fuel + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water vapour+ carbon monoxide + carbon + energy

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15
Q

Skeletal equation

A
  • unbalanced chemical formulas
    Diatomic atoms: HOFBrINCl
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16
Q

Combustion

A

when a substance is burned in oxygen gas, products are always CO2 and H2O and energy

17
Q

word equations

A

just chemical names

18
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

reactions that release energy as a product (energy is product)

ie. dissolving of an acid in water, and freezing of water, or when bonds form energy is released (SYNTHESIS)

19
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

reactions that absorb energy (energy is reactant)

ie. ice melting into liquid, water, boiling liquid water into water vapour, when bonds break energy is absorbed (DECOMPOSITION)

20
Q

Identify acids

A

chemical formula starts with H and is (aq) or end with COOH and is (aq)

21
Q

Naming Acids

A

Binary Acid (starts w H + non-metal)
–> HYDRO[non-metal]IC ACID

Oxy-Acids (starts w H + polyatomic ion that end in “ate”)
–> [elements in polyatomic ion that is not oxygen]IC ACID

22
Q

Properties of Acids

A
  • sour taste
  • conducts electricity
  • reacts w metals to produce H2
  • reacts with carbonates to produce CO2
  • turn blue litmus paper red
    -pH level 0-7
  • formed when non-metal oxides react w water
    ie. CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
  • universal indicator: red
23
Q

Identify bases

A

the chemical formula starts w a metal ion or ammonium, or ends w “hydroxide” or “carbonate”

24
Q

Properties of bases

A
  • bitter taste
  • conduct electricity
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • feel slippery
  • reacts w acids to produce water + salt
  • formed when metal oxides reacts w water
  • corrosive to skin
    -universal indicator: purple
25
Q

Neutralization Reactions

A

acid + base –> water + salt (any neutral ionic compound)

both products are neutral

26
Q

solid if

A

metals, ionic compounds, iodine

27
Q

gases if

A

diatomic gases (HOFNCl), noble gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

28
Q

liquids if

A

water, bromine (B2), mercury

29
Q

aqueous

A

acids, bases, dissolved ionic compounds, solutions

30
Q
A

SCIENCE GR 10 (3 decks)

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