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Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Charge is measured in…

A

Coulombs (C)

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2
Q

The charge of an atom is… because…

A

Neutral. They have an equal number of positive and negative charges that cancel out

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3
Q

An atom becomes an ion when it…

A

Loses or gains electrons

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4
Q

An ion is…

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons

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5
Q

When and atom loses electrons it becomes … charged

A

Positively

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6
Q

When and atom gains electrons it becomes … charged

A

Negatively

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7
Q

When charged particles interact they will do 1 of 2 things:

A

Attract or repel

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8
Q

Opposites charges…

A

Attract

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9
Q

Like charges…

A

Repel

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10
Q

A material is classified as an insulator or conductor based on…

A

How easily electrons move through them

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11
Q

Electrons move through materials by…

A

Jumping from one atom to the next

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12
Q

The atoms that make up conductors have…

A

Electrons in wide orbits around the nucleus. Making it easy for electrons to move between atoms

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13
Q

The atoms that make up insulators have…

A

Electrons in tight orbits around the nucleus. Making it difficult for electrons to move between atoms

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14
Q

For electrons to travel through conductors … energy is required

A

Less

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15
Q

For electrons to travel through insulators … energy is required

A

Much more

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16
Q

Metals are very good conductors because…

A

They contain delocalised electrons which are not bound to an atom so can move freely throughout the metal

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17
Q

A material which is a good insulator is…

A

Plastic

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18
Q

Water is a good conductor because…

A

It contains many ions

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19
Q

In water, charge isn’t carried by electrons, it’s carried by…

A

Ions

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20
Q

Pure water is a good … because …

A

Insulator. Because it contains no charged particles

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21
Q

If electrons are being removed from an object then…

A

Positive charge is being transferred

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22
Q

If electrons are being transferred to an object then…

A

Negative charge is being transferred

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23
Q

When electrons are transferred to an insulator they will…

A

Stay where they are/not distribute

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24
Q

Electrons transferred to a conductor will…

A

Immediately spread out across the surface

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25
Q

The shape of a conductor affects how charge…

A

Distributes itself

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26
Q

In spherical conductors charge will…

A

Spread evenly across the surface

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27
Q

In pointed conductors charge will…

A

pack more densely into pointed parts

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28
Q

Friction can cause electrons to… making ….

A

transfer from one material to another. making one positively charged and the other negatively charged

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29
Q

A material with a high electron affinity has a…

A

stronger attraction to electrons

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30
Q

A material with a low electron affinity has a…

A

weaker attraction to electrons

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31
Q

Materials that have a weaker attraction to electrons have a…

A

low electron affinity

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32
Q

Materials that have a stronger attraction to electrons have a…

A

high electron affinity

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33
Q

If two materials with different electron affinities rub together…

A

the electrons will transfer from the low affinity material to the high affinity material

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34
Q

High affinity materials include:

A

plastic materials such as rubber or nylon

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35
Q

Low affinity materials include:

A

hair glass and wool

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36
Q

2 conductors coming into contact cause a…

A

charge transfer

37
Q

when a charged conductor comes in contact with a neutral conductor…

A

the electrons spread evenly across the 2 objects

38
Q

Current is measured in…

A

Amps, A

39
Q

Conventional current describes the…

A

flow of positive charge

40
Q

electron current describes…

A

how electrons move

41
Q

voltage is measured in…

A

volts, V

42
Q

resistance is measured in…

A

ohms, Ω

43
Q

voltage is the…

A

force a circuit applies to electrons, to move them

44
Q

resistance is…

A

how difficult it is for electric current to flow through a circuit

45
Q

V=IR is called…

A

ohm’s law

46
Q

Electric current is…

A

the movement of flow of electric charge

47
Q

Electrical energy is the…

A

amount of power transfered by electrons in a certain time

48
Q

Electrical energy is meassured in…

A

joules, J (or kWh)

49
Q

Electrical power is measured in…

A

Watts, W

50
Q

Electrical power is the…

A

amount of energy used by a circuit each second

51
Q

P=IV

A

power = current x voltage

52
Q

P=E/t

A

Power = energy/time

53
Q

A bulb with more electric power supplied to it…

A

emits more heat and light energy

54
Q

A circuit is a…

A

closed loop of wire that electric current flows through

55
Q

Every circuit has…

A

atleast 1 component that supplies energy (battery) and atleast 1 component that uses electrical energy(lamp)

56
Q

cells supply…

A

electrical energy to a unit

57
Q

In a cell the longer line is the…

A

positive terminal

58
Q

In a cell the shorter line is the…

A

negative terminal

59
Q

Electric current flows out of … and into …

A

positive and into negative

60
Q

resistors increase…

A

the resistance of a circuit

61
Q

resistors control…

A

the amount of current flowing through a circuit

62
Q

light bulbs also increase the…

A

resistance of a circuit

63
Q

electric current flowing thorugh a component is measured using an…

A

ammeter

64
Q

in a series circuit there is only…

A

1 path for electric current to flow through

65
Q

In a series circuit current is…

A

the same everywhere

66
Q

If a series circuit is broken…

A

the whole circuit stops working

67
Q

In a circuit the total resistance is the…

A

sum of resistances of all components

68
Q

In a series circuit, voltage supllied is…

A

divided amognst the components

69
Q

The voltage across a component is called the..

A

voltage drop

70
Q

Adding more components to a seres cicuit increases …. so less….

A

total rsistance. less current is drawn from the power source. Meaning each voltage drop will become less

71
Q

The more bulbs youa dd to a series cicuit…

A

the dimmer they get

72
Q

Parallel circuits have…

A

multiple paths for elctrical current to flow through

73
Q

In Parallel circuits, the current is…

A

divided amongst the paths

74
Q

In Parallel circuits, compnents are placed…

A

on different branches

75
Q

In Parallel circuits, voltage…

A

is the same across each branch

76
Q

Adding more components to a parallel circuit … total resistance, so more ….

A

decreases. so more current is drawn from the power source

77
Q

In a parallel circuit if a component stops workign current can…

A

continue to flow throuhg other branches

78
Q

in a parallel circuit bulbs stay…

A

the same brightness

79
Q

magnetic forces are measured in…

A

newtons, N

80
Q

magnetic forces are a…

A

non-contact force

81
Q

magnetic forces are generated by…

A

bar magnets and moving charges

82
Q

like poles…

A

repel

83
Q

opposite poles…

A

attract

84
Q

a magnetics field is…

A

a region of space where a magnetic force can be felt

85
Q

the symbol for a magnetic field strength is…

A

B

86
Q

magnetic field strneght is measured in…

A

teslas, T

87
Q

the closer the lines are…

A

the stronger the magnetic force

88
Q

magnetic field lines leave the… and enter the…

A

north pole. enter the south pole

Science (6 decks)

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