Carbon Chemistry

Question 1

Complete combustion produces..

Answer 1

carbon dioxide and water ONLY

Question 2

Complete combustion requires…

Answer 2

excess of oxygen

Question 3

The colour of the flame during complete combustion is…

Answer 3

Blue as it is hotter

Question 4

Incomplete combustion occurs with…

Answer 4

Limited oxygen

Question 5

Incomplete combustion can produce…

Answer 5

Carbon
Carbon Monoxide
Some carbon dioxide
Water

Question 6

Carbon soot particles can cause…

Answer 6

respiratory problems and possibly lung cancer

Question 7

Carbon monoxide is a poison that…

Answer 7

binds to haemoglobin in blood leading to less oxygen being absorbed and possible suffocation and death

Question 8

Both incomplete and complete combustion produce…

Answer 8

Carbon Dioxide

Question 9

Carbon dioxide is a … which …

Answer 9

Greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming

Question 10

Carbon dioxide is a … which …

Answer 10

green house gas which contributes to global warming

Question 11

Hydrocarbons contain…

Answer 11

Only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 12

Are alcohols hydrocarbons? Why/why not?

Answer 12

No. They contain 1 oxygen atom in each molecule

Question 13

A hydroxyl group is…

Answer 13

an oxygen and hydrogen atom covalently bonded

Question 14

Alkanes are … hydrocarbons

Answer 14

saturated

Question 15

Covalent bonds form when…

Answer 15

2 non-metal atoms share pairs of valence electrons to gain full valence shells and become stable

Question 16

The general molecular formula for straight chain alkanes is…

Answer 16

CnH2n+2

Question 17

Alkenes contain a…

Answer 17

Carbon to carbon double bond

Question 18

Alkenes are … hydrocarbons

Answer 18

Unsaturated

Question 19

The general molecular formula for alkenes is…

Answer 19

CnH2n

Question 20

Since all carbon to carbon bonds in alcohols are single, the molecule is …

Answer 20

Saturated

Question 21

The general molecular formula for alcohols is…

Answer 21

CnH2n+1 1OH

Question 22

Crude oil contains…

Answer 22

Hydrocarbon molecules of different lengths

Question 23

Fractional distillation is a … process which…

Answer 23

Physical process which separates the different sized hydrocarbons into fractions

Question 24

Cracking is a … process which…

Answer 24

Chemical process which Breaks hydrocarbons into smaller more useful molecules

Question 25

Larger molecules condense … in the tower where it’s …

Answer 25

lower hotter

Question 26

Smaller molecules condense … in the tower where it’s …

Answer 26

Higher cooler

Question 27

LPG is used for

Answer 27

Gases for heating and cooking

Question 28

Petrol is used to

Answer 28

Fuel most cars

Question 29

Kerosene is used to

Answer 29

Fuel aeroplanes

Question 30

Diesel is used to

Answer 30

Fuel trucks, tractors, trains and some cars

Question 31

Heavy oils are used to

Answer 31

Fuel ships

Question 32

Bitumen is used as

Answer 32

Material for roads and roofs

Question 33

The smallest common hydrocarbon is

Answer 33

LPG

Question 34

The largest common hydrocarbon is

Answer 34

Bitumen

Question 35

Cracking breaks down … using … and a …

Answer 35

Long chain alkanes using heat and a catalyst

Question 36

Cracking produces 2 things:

Answer 36

Small alkanes (efficient fuels) And Alkenes (used to make polymers)

Question 37

Smaller molecules are more efficient fuels because

Answer 37

More volatile Easier to ignite Less viscous Produce less soot

Question 38

What 3 things are required for cracking

Answer 38

Heat, pressure, and a catalyst

Question 39

Products of cracking always include…

Answer 39

At least 1 alkanes and 1 alkene

Question 40

Fermentation is when

Answer 40

Sugar molecules in water are converted to ethanol and Carbon dioxide using yeast as a catalyst

Question 41

The melting point is

Answer 41

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

Question 42

The boiling point is

Answer 42

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 43

Melting points and boiling points are determined by…

Answer 43

The strength of intermolecular forces (forces between the molecules of a substance)

Question 44

More carbon atoms => … molecular mass => … intermolecular forces => more … required to overcome forces => … melting and boiling points

Answer 44

More carbon atoms => more molecular mass => stronger intermolecular forces => more energy required to overcome forces => higher melting and boiling points

Question 45

Alkanes and alkenes are … in water

Answer 45

Insoluble/immiscible

Question 46

Alcohols are … in water

Answer 46

soluble/miscible

Question 47

Ethanol usually undergoes … to form …

Answer 47

Complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water

Question 48

Hydrocarbons fuels are more likely to produce poisonous incomplete combustion products like

Answer 48

Carbon soot and carbon monixide

Question 49

Ethanol as a biofuel is more sustainable as it’s made from

Answer 49

Plant crops (therefore is renewable)

Question 50

Hydrocarbon fuels originate from

Answer 50

Unrenewable fossil fuels

Question 51

The boiling point of a substance occurs when

Answer 51

All molecules in a liquid have enough kinetic energy to turn into a gas . Forces of attraction between molecules are broken

Question 52

More carbon atoms means a .. boiling point

Answer 52

Higher

Question 53

Fractional distillation seperates hydrocarbons based on boiling points, it does not..

Answer 53

Create new compounds

Question 54

Cracking breaks down … to …

Answer 54

Long chain Hydrocarbons to create new compounds

Question 55

Propene is an example of a…

Answer 55

Monomer (small alkene molecule containing double bond)

Question 56

Polymerisation is when

Answer 56

Under heat/pressure/catalyst a double bond in an alkene breaks and adjacent carbon atoms form single bonds forming a a long chain of carbon known as a polymer

Question 57

Polypropene is made up of

Answer 57

Long chains of molecules overlapping

Question 58

Polypropene is used for

Answer 58

Rope, chairs, bottles, plastic hinges, mouldings as it is lightweight, flexible and tough

Question 59

Polypropene is chemically …

Answer 59

Unreactive/inert and resistant to heat so is used for microwaveable containers and containers for cleaning products such as bleach

Question 60

Polypropene does not break down under … conditions and is not easily … therefore has a long life

Answer 60

Natural recycled

Question 61

What alkane when bromine water is added

Answer 61

It turns from colourless to orange

Question 62

What alkene when bromine water is added

Answer 62

Orange layer discolours