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Science > Carbon Chemistry > Flashcards

Carbon Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Complete combustion produces..

A

carbon dioxide and water ONLY

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2
Q

Complete combustion requires…

A

excess of oxygen

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3
Q

The colour of the flame during complete combustion is…

A

Blue as it is hotter

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4
Q

Incomplete combustion occurs with…

A

Limited oxygen

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5
Q

Incomplete combustion can produce…

A

Carbon
Carbon Monoxide
Some carbon dioxide
Water

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6
Q

Carbon soot particles can cause…

A

respiratory problems and possibly lung cancer

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7
Q

Carbon monoxide is a poison that…

A

binds to haemoglobin in blood leading to less oxygen being absorbed and possible suffocation and death

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8
Q

Both incomplete and complete combustion produce…

A

Carbon Dioxide

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9
Q

Carbon dioxide is a … which …

A

Greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide is a … which …

A

green house gas which contributes to global warming

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11
Q

Hydrocarbons contain…

A

Only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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12
Q

Are alcohols hydrocarbons? Why/why not?

A

No. They contain 1 oxygen atom in each molecule

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13
Q

A hydroxyl group is…

A

an oxygen and hydrogen atom covalently bonded

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14
Q

Alkanes are … hydrocarbons

A

saturated

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15
Q

Covalent bonds form when…

A

2 non-metal atoms share pairs of valence electrons to gain full valence shells and become stable

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16
Q

The general molecular formula for straight chain alkanes is…

A

CnH2n+2

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17
Q

Alkenes contain a…

A

Carbon to carbon double bond

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18
Q

Alkenes are … hydrocarbons

A

Unsaturated

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19
Q

The general molecular formula for alkenes is…

A

CnH2n

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20
Q

Since all carbon to carbon bonds in alcohols are single, the molecule is …

A

Saturated

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21
Q

The general molecular formula for alcohols is…

A

CnH2n+1 1OH

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22
Q

Crude oil contains…

A

Hydrocarbon molecules of different lengths

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23
Q

Fractional distillation is a … process which…

A

Physical process which separates the different sized hydrocarbons into fractions

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24
Q

Cracking is a … process which…

A

Chemical process which Breaks hydrocarbons into smaller more useful molecules

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25
Q

Larger molecules condense … in the tower where it’s …

A

lower hotter

26
Q

Smaller molecules condense … in the tower where it’s …

A

Higher cooler

27
Q

LPG is used for

A

Gases for heating and cooking

28
Q

Petrol is used to

A

Fuel most cars

29
Q

Kerosene is used to

A

Fuel aeroplanes

30
Q

Diesel is used to

A

Fuel trucks, tractors, trains and some cars

31
Q

Heavy oils are used to

A

Fuel ships

32
Q

Bitumen is used as

A

Material for roads and roofs

33
Q

The smallest common hydrocarbon is

A

LPG

34
Q

The largest common hydrocarbon is

A

Bitumen

35
Q

Cracking breaks down … using … and a …

A

Long chain alkanes using heat and a catalyst

36
Q

Cracking produces 2 things:

A

Small alkanes (efficient fuels)
And
Alkenes (used to make polymers)

37
Q

Smaller molecules are more efficient fuels because

A

More volatile
Easier to ignite
Less viscous
Produce less soot

38
Q

What 3 things are required for cracking

A

Heat, pressure, and a catalyst

39
Q

Products of cracking always include…

A

At least 1 alkanes and 1 alkene

40
Q

Fermentation is when

A

Sugar molecules in water are converted to ethanol and Carbon dioxide using yeast as a catalyst

41
Q

The melting point is

A

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

42
Q

The boiling point is

A

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

43
Q

Melting points and boiling points are determined by…

A

The strength of intermolecular forces (forces between the molecules of a substance)

44
Q

More carbon atoms => … molecular mass => … intermolecular forces => more … required to overcome forces => … melting and boiling points

A

More carbon atoms => more molecular mass => stronger intermolecular forces => more energy required to overcome forces => higher melting and boiling points

45
Q

Alkanes and alkenes are … in water

A

Insoluble/immiscible

46
Q

Alcohols are … in water

A

soluble/miscible

47
Q

Ethanol usually undergoes … to form …

A

Complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water

48
Q

Hydrocarbons fuels are more likely to produce poisonous incomplete combustion products like

A

Carbon soot and carbon monixide

49
Q

Ethanol as a biofuel is more sustainable as it’s made from

A

Plant crops (therefore is renewable)

50
Q

Hydrocarbon fuels originate from

A

Unrenewable fossil fuels

51
Q

The boiling point of a substance occurs when

A

All molecules in a liquid have enough kinetic energy to turn into a gas . Forces of attraction between molecules are broken

52
Q

More carbon atoms means a .. boiling point

A

Higher

53
Q

Fractional distillation seperates hydrocarbons based on boiling points, it does not..

A

Create new compounds

54
Q

Cracking breaks down … to …

A

Long chain Hydrocarbons to create new compounds

55
Q

Propene is an example of a…

A

Monomer (small alkene molecule containing double bond)

56
Q

Polymerisation is when

A

Under heat/pressure/catalyst a double bond in an alkene breaks and adjacent carbon atoms form single bonds forming a a long chain of carbon known as a polymer

57
Q

Polypropene is made up of

A

Long chains of molecules overlapping

58
Q

Polypropene is used for

A

Rope, chairs, bottles, plastic hinges, mouldings as it is lightweight, flexible and tough

59
Q

Polypropene is chemically …

A

Unreactive/inert and resistant to heat so is used for microwaveable containers and containers for cleaning products such as bleach

60
Q

Polypropene does not break down under … conditions and is not easily … therefore has a long life

A

Natural recycled

61
Q

What alkane when bromine water is added

A

It turns from colourless to orange

62
Q

What alkene when bromine water is added

A

Orange layer discolours

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