Physics Flashcards
What is the formula for density
Density=mass/volume
What is the practical method to figure out the density
Measure the length, width, height. Measure the mass of each object using the digital balance. Calculate the the volumes. Calculate the density
What are the three state of matters
Solids, liquids, gases
What are some factors of solids
Particles are close together, can’t be compressed, vibrate around a fixed point, arranged in a regular pattern
What are some factors of liquids
Particles are very close together, particles move and slide over each other, can’t be compressed, particles are in an irregular pattern
What are some factors of gases
Particles are spread far apart, particles move quickly and in random directions, can be compressed
Specific heat capacity definition
Energy required to raise one kilogramme of substance by 1 degree Celsius
What is the change from solid to liquid called
Melting point
What is the change from liquid to gas called
Boiling point
Specific latent heat definition
The specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to change the state of one kilogramme of a substance without a change in temperature
What is an atom
The smallest particle of a chemical element
What is an ion
Electrically charged particles form when an atom gains or loses an electron
What is an isotope
Tap or more forms of the same element that contain number of protons but different number of neurons
What is ionisation
An atom gains a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons
What is radiation
The emissions of energy as electro magnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles
What is ionising radiation
Radiation consisting of particles, X rays or gamma rays with sufficient energy to cause ionisation
What does radioactive mean
Emission of ionising radiation
What element is alpha decay identical to
Helium
What is beta decay
A beta particle is a fast moving electron
What is half life?
The active time it takes for the number of nuclei in a radioactive isotope to half
What is nuclear fission?
Nuclear fission is the nucleus of a fissionable element splitting into smaller nuclei when absorbing a neutron which causes a chain reaction of fissions creating energy
What is nuclear fusion?
Nuclear fusion is when two small nuclei release energy when they are fused together to form a single nuclei
What is the difference between nuclear fusion and fission?
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy
What was Ernest Rutherfords experiment?
He released alpha particles to prove atoms showing some alpha particles reflected while some went straight through
What is a vector?
A quantity represented by an arrow with direction and magnitude
What is a scalar?
A quantity with magnitude only
What is magnitude?
The great size of extent
What is a gravitational field?
A gravitational field is the area around an object acting like a force field with the gravitational force decreasing as you get further away
