physics Flashcards
What is the standard unit of mass?
Kilogram
What is defined as the distance the light travels in a vacuum in 1/2999,792,458 second?
Meter
What is the SI unit of work?
Joule
What is the SI unit of power?
Watt
What is the SI unit of temperature?
Kelvin
What is the SI unit of luminous intensity?
Candela
What is the unit of relative intensity?
Unitless
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pa
Which one is equivalent to the unit of “Pascal”?
N/m²
The pressure of 1bar is equivalent to how many Pascals?
100,000
What is the SI unit of intensity?
Watt/m²
What is the unit of potential difference?
Volt
Which of the following is equivalent to a volt?
Joule/Coulomb
One electron volt is equivalent to ______ joules.
1.6x10-¹⁹
What is the unit of capacitance?
Farad
1 Farad is equal to?
Coulomb/Volt
What is the unit of electric current?
Ampere
Which of the following is equivalent to the unit of “ampere”?
Coulomb/Second
What is the unit of resistance?
Ohm
Ohm is equivalent to?
Volt/ampere
What is the unit of luminous intensity?
Candela
What is the unit of luminous flux?
Lumen
Which of the following is equivalent to the unit “Candela”?
Lumen/steradian
What is the unit of luminous efficiency?
lumen/watt
What is the unit of illumination?
Lux
Lux is equivalent to which combination of units?
Lumen/m²
Footcandle is equivalent to which combination of units?
lumen/ft²
How many dynes are there in one newton?
100,000
What is an elemental unit of energy?
Quantum
What refers to the mass which is accelerated at the rate of one foot per second when acted on by a force of one pound?
slug
The size of some bacteria and living cells is in the order of?
Micrometer
The size of the largest atom is in the order of?
Nanometer
The mass of a grain of salt is in the order of?
miligram
1 Joule is equal to?
Newton-meter
1 Watt is equal to?
Newton-meter/ second
1 Horse power is equal to?
746
The “kilowatt-hour” is a unit of?
Work or energy
“Mole” is one of the SI base units. It measures.
Amount of substances
The English unit “slug” is a unit of?
Mass
How is sound intensity measured?
In decibels
An electron volt is the energy required by an electron that has been accelerated by a potential difference of how many volt?
1 Volt
What is a vector with a magnitude of one and with no unit
Unit vector
What is the purpose of a unit vector?
To describe the direction in space
What is another term for a scalar product of two vector?
Dot product
What is another term for a vector product of two vector?
Cross product
The scalar product of two perpendicular vectors is always.
equal to 0
The vector product of two parallel or antiparallel vector is always
equal to 0.
The vector product of any vector with itself is
equal to 0
What refers to physical quantities that are completely specified by just a number and a unit or physical quantities that have magnitudes only?
Scalar quantities
What refers to physical quantities that have a magnitude and a direction?
Vector quantities
Which is NOT a vector quantity.
•DISPLACEMENT
•VELOCITY
•ACCELERATION
•TIME
Time
Which is NOT a fundamental pyhsical quantity of mechanics?
• Length
•Mass
•Volume
•Time
Volume
What is an arrow line whose length is proportional to the magnitude of some vector quantity and whose direction is that of the quantity?
Vector
What is scaled drawing of the various forces, velocities or other vector quantities involved in the motion of a body
Vector diagram
The ______ of a moving object is the distance it covers in a time interval divided by the time interval.
Average speed
The rate at which velocity changes with timeis known as
Acceleration
“The work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the particle’s kinetic energy.” This statement is known as.
Work-energy theorem
The _____ of a particle is equal to the total work that particle can do in the process of being brought to rest.
kinetic energy
Work is defined as the product of:
Force and displacement
What is defined as the time rate at which work is done?
Power
What is defined as any influence that can change the velocity of an object?
Force
What is a measure of the inertia of an object?
Mass
What is the property of matter which is the reluctance to change its state of rest or of uniform motion?
Inertia
“If no net force acts on it, an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion at constant velocity” this statement is the.
First law of motion
“The net force acting on an object equals the product of the mass and the acceleration of the object. The direction of the force is the same as that of the acceleration” This statement is the.
Second law of motion
“When an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts on the first a force of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction” this statement is the.
Third law of motion
What refers to the forces with which the earth attracts an object?
Weight
How many kilograms are there in 1slug?
14.6
What refers to an actual force that arises to oppose relative motion between contracting surfaces?
Friction
What refers to the force between two stationary surfaces in contact that prevents motion between them?
Static friction
What is the maximum value of the static friction?
Starting friction
What is TRUE between kinetic friction and static friction.
• Kinetic friction is always to static friction
•Kinetic friction is always less than static friction
•Kinetic friction is always greater than static friction
•Kinetic friction is equal to or greater than static friction
Kinetic friction is always less than static friction
What is another term for kinetic friction?
sliding friction
For the same materials in contact, what is TRUE between coefficient of static friction and coefficient of kinetic friction?
•Coefficient of static friction is always less than the coefficient of kinetic friction
•Coefficient of static friction is always equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction
•Coefficient of static friction is always greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction
•Coefficient of static friction may be greater than or less than the coefficient of kinetic friction
Coefficient of static friction is always greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction
Efficiency of a machine is the ratio of:
Power output to power input
What is the energy something possesses by virtue of its motion?
Kinetic energy
What is the energy something possesses by virtue of its mass?
Rest energy
What is the energy something possesses by the virtue of its position?
Potential energy
When the vector sum of the external forces acting on the system of particles equals to zero, the total linear momentum of the system
remains constant
What is conserved in an elastic collision?
Kinetic energy
In elastic collision, kinetic energy is conserved. This statement is:
True
When can we say that a collision is a completely inelastic?
When the two colliding objects stick together after impact
What will happen to the kinetic energy if it is a completely inelastic collisions?
It is lost to maximum value
Coefficient of restitution is the ratio of:
Relative speed after collision to relative speed before collision
What is the coefficient of restitution for a perfectly elastic collision?
1
What is the coefficient of restitution for a perfectly inelastic collisions?
0
The coefficient of resitution always applies
jointly to the colliding objects
“When the vector sum of the external forces acting on a system of particles equals zero, the total linear momentum of the system remaining constant.” this statement is known as:
Law of conservation of momentum
What refers to the product of the force and the time during which a force acts?
Impulse
Momentum is the product of
velocity and mass
Which of the following quantities is/are conserved during all types of collison?
•Kinetic Energy
•Velocity
•Momentum
•Force
Momentum
What refers to the force perpendicular to the velocity of an object moving along a curve path?
Centrifugal force
The centripetal force is:
directed toward the center of curvature of the path
What refers to the time needed by an object in uniform circular motion to complete an orbit?
Period
The centripetal acceleration of a particle in uniform motion is ______ to the radius of its path.
Inversely proportional
Gravitation occurs between all object in the universe by virtue of their.
Mass
“Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them”. This statement is known as:
Law of universal gravitation
The gravitational force of the earth on an object varies _______ the distance of the object from the center of the earth.
inversely as the square of
What type of energy is usually transmitted by rotary motion?
Mechanical energy
Angular momentum is the product of
Moment of inertia and angular speed
Rotating body has kinetic energy. This statement is.
Always true
“When the sum of the external torques acting on a system of particles is zero, the total angular momentum of the system remains constant”. This Statement is known as:
Conservation of angular momentum
what particles will experience tangential acceleration.
Those particles whose angular speed changes
The _______ of a body about a given axis is the rotational analog of mass of the body is distributed about the axis.
Moment of inertia
The _________ of a force about a particular axis is the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
Torque
When the forces that act on an object have vector sum of zero, the object is said to be in
translational equilibrium
Which of the following is an example of a neutral equilibrium?
A cone its side
Which of the following is an example of a stable equilibrium?
a cone balanced on its base
A device that transmits force or torque is called
Machine
If a cone is balanced on its apex, it illustrates what type of equilibrium?
unstable equilibrium
When the net torque acting on an object is zero, the objects is in
rational equilibrium
Which of the following is NOT a basic machine?
•Lever
•inclined plane
•hydraulic press
•wedge
Hydraulic press
Where is the center of gravity of an object located?
It may sometimes be inside the object and sometimes outside the object
What is defined as the mass per unit volume
Density
What is defined as the weight per unit volume?
Weight density
All are value of the density of water except one. Which one?
•100kg/m³
•62.4 lb/ft³
•10 g/cm³
•9.81kN/m³
10g/cm³
The _______ of a substance is its density relative to that of water?
specific gravity
What is another term for specific gravity?
relative density
What is the average pressure of the earth’s atmosphere at sea level?
1.013 bar
“An external pressure exerted on a fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the volume of the fluid”. This statement is known as
Pascal’s principle
The hydraulic press is an instrument which uses one of the following theorems. Which one?
Pascal’s principle
The hydrometer is an instrument which uses one of the following theorems. Which one?
Archimedes principle
The hydrometer is an instrument used to measure
Density of a liquid
The maximum displacement of an object undergoing harmonic motion on either side of its equilibrium position is called the ______ of the motion.
Amplitude
What quantity is often used in describing harmonic motion?
Frequency
The period of the simple harmonic motion is ___________ its amplitude.
Independent of
.127. What refers to an oscillatory motion that occurs whenever a restoring force acts on a body in the opposite direction to its displacement from its equilibrium position, with the magnitude of the restoring force proportional to the magnitude of the displacement?
Simple harmonic motion
In a damped harmonic oscillator, what reduces the amplitude of the vibrations?
Friction
The _______ of a pivotal object is that point at which it can be struck without producing a reaction force on its pivot.
Center of oscillation
What is the longitudinal wave phenomenon that can results in periodic pressure variations?
a. Sound ++
What occurs when periodic impulses are applied to a system and frequency equal to one of its natural frequencies of oscillation?
Resonance
What refers to a shell of high pressure produced by the motion of an object whose speed exceeds that of sound?
Shock Wave
What refers to the change in frequency of a wave when there is relative motion betwen its source and an observer?
Doppler effect
What occur when the individual particles of a medium vibrate back and forth in the direction in which the waves travel?
Longitudinal waves
Infrasound refers to sounds whose frequencies are below
20 Hz
Ultrasound refers to sound whose frequencies are above
20,000 Hz
What occur when the individual particles of a medium vibrate from side to side perpendicular to the direction in which the waves travel?
Transverse waves
“When two or more waves of the same mature travel just a given point at the same time, the amplitude at the point is the sum of the amplitude of the individual waves”. The statement is known as
Principle of superposition
What occurs when the resulting composite wave has amplitude greater than that of either of the original waves?
Constructive inteference
What occurs when the resulting composite wave has amplitude less than that of either of the original waves?
Destructive inteference
The rate at which a wave of any kind carries energy per unit cross-sectional area is called
Intensity
At what intensity will sound wave starts to damage the ear of humans.
1 W/m²
For a 1kHz sound wave to be audible, it must have a minimum intensity of _______ W/m²?
10^-12
How many decibels should a sound to be barely audible?
0
The ratio of a speed of an object and the speed of sound is called the
Mach number
“The net electric charge in an isolated system remains constant”. This statement is known as
Principle of conservation of charge
“The force one charge exerts on another is directly proportional to the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them”. This statement is known as
Coulomb’s law
What refers to a region of space at every point of which an appropriate test object would experience a force?
Force field
The _______ of an electric field is the electric potential energy per unit volume associated with it.
Energy density
What is the ratio between the charge on either plates of a capacitor and the potential difference between the plates?
Capacitance
What refers to the measure of how effective a ,aterial is in reducing an electric field set up across a sample of it?
Dielectric constant
The potential difference across a bettery, a generator or other source of electric energy when it is not connected to any external circuit is called its
Electromotive force
What is defined as the luminous flux per unit area?
Illumination
What is the approximate luminous intensity of a candle?
candela
What unit is defined in terms of the light emitted by a small pool of platinum at its melting point?
Candela
What unit is defined in terms of the light emitted by a small pool of platinum at its melting point?
Candela
What refers to the toal amount of visible light given off by a light source?
luminous flux
Lumen is defined as the luminous flux that fall on each sqaure meter of a sphere 1 meter in radius at whose center is a ______ light source that radiates equally well in all directions.
1.0 candela
What is the total luminous flux raduated by a 1 candela source?
4pi lm
What refers to the lumnous flux emittted by a light source per watt of power input?
Luminous efficiency
What coating material is used in the inside of the flourescent lamp which emits visible light when it is excited by an ultraviolet radiation?
Phsopor
That refers to the ratio berween the speed of light in free space and its speed in a particulat medium?
index of refraction
“The ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the speeds of light in the two media” This statement is known as
Shell’s law
Light ray that passes at an angle from one medium to another is deflected at the surface between the two media.What is this phenomenon called?
Refraction
“Every point on the wavefront can be considered as a source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all direction with the wave speed of the medium. The wavefront at any time is the envelopoe of these wavelets”. The statement is known as
Huygens principle
What is an imaginary surface the joins points where all the waves from a source are in the same phase of oscillation?
Wavefront
What refers to the effect when a beam containing more than one frequency is split into a corresponding number of different beams when it is refracted?
Dispersion
What refers to the band aof colors that emerges from the prism?
Spectrum
What is the index of refraction of air?
1.0003
What type of lens deviates parallel light outward as though it priginated at a single virtual focal point?
Divergent lens
What type of lens brings parallel light to a single raeal focal point?
Convergent lens
Which one best describes the meniscus lens?
It has one concave surface and one convex surface
What is the distance from a lens to its focal point called?
Focal length
In optical system, what refers to the ratio of the image height to the object height?
Linear magnification
If the linear magnification of an optical system is less than one, it means that:
The image is smaller than the object
A camera usually uses what type of lens to form an image on a light-sensitive photographic film?
Convergent lens
One of the common defects of vison is _______ commonly known as nearsightedness.
Myopia
One of the common defects of vision is _____ commonlyt known as farsightedness
Hyperopia
What lens is commonl used to correct nearsightedness?
Divergent lens
What lens is commonly used to correct farsightedness?
Convergent lens
What is a defect of vision caused by the cornea having different curvatures in different planes?
Astigmatism
In Telescopes, what refers to thhe ratio between the anles subtended at the eye by the image and the angle subtended at the eye by the object seen directly?
Angular maginification
What type of mirror that curves inward its center and converges parallel light to a single raeal focal point?
Concave mirror
What type of mirror that curves outward toward its center and diverges parallel light as though the reflected light came from a single virtual focal point behind the mirror?
Convex mirror
What refers to an artificially made polarizing material that transmits light with only a single plane of polarization?
Polaroid
In optical system, what refers to its ability to produce separte images of nearby objects?
Resolving power
The resolving power of an equal system is ________ the objective lens of the optical system?
Directly proportional
What refers to the ability of wavaes to bend around the edges of obstacles in teir paths?
Diffraction
What refers to a series of parallel slits that produces a spectrum trough the interference of light that is diffractted?
Diffraction grating
The emssion of electrons from a metal surface when light shines on it is called
Photoelectric effect
What are high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted when fast electron impinge on matter?
X-Rays
What refers to the increase in the measured mass of an object when it is moving relative to an observer?
Relativity of mass
What device os used for producing a narrow, monochromatic,coherent beam of light?
Laser
WHat consists of various wavelengths of lifht emitted by an excited substance
emssion spectrum
What consists of various wavelengths of light absobed by a substance when white light is passed through it?
Absorption spectrum
EVery electron has a certain amount of angular momentum called its
spin
It occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle during reflection?
Total Internal Reflection
What does LASER stand for?
Light amplification by stimulated emssion of radiation
A free falling object is acted upon by which of the following?
Air resistance and gravitational pull
If the foces acting on a falling body balance one another, the body continues to fall at a constant velocity. What is thus constant velocity called?
Terminal velocity
The first law of motion is also known as
Law of inertia
The second law of motion is also known as
Law of acceleration
The third law of motion is also known as
Law of interaction
Air exerts force that is opposite to the car’s motion. What is this force called?
Drag force
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure of human beings?
Sphygmomanometer
What do light, radiowaves, microwaves and X-rays have in common?
These do not need a medium to travel in.
Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves in 1865?
Maxwell
What is the velocity of light in meters per second?
3 x 10^8
What refers to a measure of the energy of sound?
Intensity
What refers to the sensation in the ear which depends on the energy in the sound wave?
Loudness
What is the sound level of the threshold of pain?
120 Db
What is the intensity of W/m² of the threshold pain?
1
What is the intensity of the threshold of hearing in W/m²?
10^-12
How can loudness of sound be increased?
a. By increasing the energy of sound
b. By preventing sound waves to spread in different directions
c. By collecting and focusing sound waves at the receiving end
d. All of the choices ++
Which of the following is dependent upon the frequency of sound vibrations?
Pitch
The “Doppler effect” is anmed after which scientist?
Christian Johann Doppler
When a person tells you that the pitch of your voice is high, he is referring to
The number of sound waves you are sending out per second
At what intensity level will a noise be considered pollutant in the environment?
Above 120 dB
The velocity of sound in air increases by how many m/s for evert 1°C increase in temperature?
.6
Why is sound wave travel faster in water than in air?
Because water has greater bulk modulus than air
What will happen to the wavelength if the velocity and frequency of a wave are both reduced to one-half?
It will remain the same
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A high-frequency sound has high pitch
What part of the human ear where sound energy is converted into electrical energy?
Cochlea
In which medium do sound waves travel the faster?
Solids
Who provide evidence that light and electromagnetic waves have the same nature and that they travel at the same speed and exhibit the same properties such as refraction, reflection and interference?
Hert
Which of the following has the smallest wavelength band?
indigo
What color has the longest wavelength?
Red
What color has the shortest wavelength?
Voilet
What is the wavelength band of orange?
600 nm - 650 nm
What is the wavelength band in nanometer of visible light?
350 - 700
What terms in used to described the angular opening of a sphere that encloses the mirror?
Aperture
What makes the sun visible even before it is in the line with the horizon?
Refraction
When the white light is passed through a prism, the different lights are bent to varying degrees and are dispered into different colors. Which of these colors bends the most?
Violet
What property of a light wave is determined by its wavelength?
Color
What is diffraction?
It is the scattering of white light behind an obstruction
What is dispersion
It is the separation of white light into its component colors ++
What are primary colors?
Colors which when combined produce white light
What are primary color?
Colors which when combined produce white light ++
The formation of rainbow in the sky is due to
Refraction
What device used to measure atmospheric pressure and is consists of a glass tube sealed at one end filled with mercury and a slide with a Vernier scale?
Mecury barometer
A wave that needs a material medium through which it can travel as it transfers energy?
mechanical waves
What refers to the band of colors produced when sunlight passes through a prism?
Solar spectrum
What refers to the property of some media to transmit light wave in a diffused matter to make objects behind them undistinguishable?
translucent
What refers to the invisible electromagnetic waves shorter than the visible violet wave but longer than the Roentgen ray?
Ultraviolet
What refers to the part of the shadow from which all light is excluded?
umbra
The range of the projectile is:
Directly proportional to the square of the velocity
What instrument is used to measure humidity of air?
hygrometer
The radius vector drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal interval of time. This statement is known as
Kepler’s second law of planetary motion
The radius vector drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal interval of time. This statement is known as
Kepler’s second law of planetary motion
The planets revolve aroun the sun in elliptical orbits, the sun being one of the foci of th eellipse. This statement is known as
Kepler’s First law of planetary motion
The ratio of the square of the time requires by a planet to complete one revolution about the sun to the cube of the distance of the planet to the sun is the same for all the planets in the solar system. this known as
Kepler’s third law of planetray motion
Kepler’s second law of motion is based on which of the following?
Law of universal gravitation; Law of conservation of angular momentum; Theory of relativity; Law of conservation of energy
Law of conservation of energy
The Velocity of prohection of a body which takes it beyond the erath’s gravitional attraction is called ______ of the body.
Escape velocity
Which of the following is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection; The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface area
The escape velocity is
the same for all bodies
The speed of sound is _____ the density of gas?
Inversely proportional to
When light is incident at the critical angle, it is refracted at what angle?
90 degrees
The velocity of sound in air is equal to the square root of the pressure of the gas to the denstiy of the medium. This equation is known as:
Newton’s formula
Indicate the false statement:
Speed of sound in dry air is more than the speed of sound on moist
The velocity of sound is _______ the pressure of gas.
Independent of
At what temperature reading do the celsius scale and the Fahrenheit scale have the same temperature?
-40
The _______ of the source is the luminous flux per unit area of the source.
Luminous emittance
Brightness is the same as
Luminous emittance
What is a monochromatic light?
Light with only one color and one wavelength
What is a three-dimensional image of an object illuminated by a board band of coherent light?
Hologram
In opaque material,
.
The reflected energy is absorbed within a very thin layer and converted to heat
In translucent material,
Light is partially absorbed
In trnasparent material,
light is able to pass trough
The ratio of the speeds of light in two different media is known as
relative index of refraction
What occurs when two waves combine so that one substracts from the other?
Interference
The moment of inertia of an object is dependent on which of the following?
The object’s size and shape; the object’s mass;the location of the axis of rotation
Which of the following statements about center of gravity is TRUE?
It may be outside the object
Which of the following statements about center of gravity is TRUE?
It may be outside the object
A diatomic scale is a musical scale buildup of how many major chords?
3
A chromatic scale is a diatomic scale with how many added half tones?
5
A chromatic scale is a diatomic scale with how many added half tones?
5
What refers to the emission of electrons from a heated metal in a vacuum?
Edison effect
The six colors of which sunlight is composed are called?
elementary colors
The six colors of which sunlight is composed are called?
elementary colors
A spectrum formed by the dispersion of light from an incandescent solid, liquid and gass is called
emission spectrum
What is the type of force which bind the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom?
Exchange force
The “f” number of the lens is the ration of the:
Focal length of the lens to the effective aperture
What refers to the length of time durin which half of a given number of radioactive nuclei will disintegrate?
half life
What refers to the lowest pitch produced by a musical tone source?
fundamental
What is an electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom?
Gamma ray
What is an instrumental used to dtect and mwasure radioactivity?
Geiger effect
A spectrum consisting of monochromatic slit images having wavelengths characteristic of the atoms parent is callled?
Line spectrum
What is an instrument used to determine the mass of atomic particles?
Mass spectograph
What is a nucleon?
A proton or a neutron of an atom.
What is an instrument used to determine the angle of rotaion of the plane of polarized light?
Polariscope
What refers to the property of sound waves which depends on the number of harmonics present and on their prominence?
Quality
What refers to the failure of one set of color receptors in the eye to be stimulated?
Retinal fatigue
The theory that the retina of the eye is provided with three sets of receptor, each of which is sensitive to one of the three primary colors is known as
Young-Helmgoltz color vision theory
What is a probable explanation for observe phenomena which is supported by abundant data?
Theory
A tempered scale is a musical sacle with ________ equal frequency ratio intervals between the successive notes of an octave.
1
What is unifuing theory applicable to the divergent phenomena of light which assumes that the transfer of energy between light and matter occurs only in discrete quantities proportional to the frequency of the energy transferred?
Quantum theory
When white light is passed through a prism, the different lights are bent to varying degrees and are dispersed into different colors, Which of these color bends the leastt?
Red
What refers to the defect in lenses which causes unequal refraction of the different colors?
Chromatic aberration
