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Forensics > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a progresive wave?

A

A wave that transports energy from one place to another

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2
Q

Where is the amplitude on a wave?

A

The amplitude is the distance from rest to crest.

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3
Q

Where is the wave length on a wave?

A

The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave.

For example, peak to peak.

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4
Q

What is the frequency?

A

Amount of waves per second

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5
Q

What does v=fλ mean?

A

Wave speed (v) is measured in metres per second (m/s) Frequency (f) is measured in Hertz (Hz) wavelength (λ) is measured in metres (m)

Wavespeed= Frequency x Wavelength

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6
Q

How do you calculate frequency from Time

A

Frequency=1 / T

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7
Q

Define isotope

A

Isotopes are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

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8
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A
  • The medium moves in the same direction of the wave
  • It acts in one dimension
  • It is made of rarefactions and compressions
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9
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A
  • The medium is moving perpendicular to the direction of wave. At 90°
  • It acts in two dimensions
  • It is made of troughs and crests
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10
Q

What is phase difference?

A

The difference in phase angle between two waves of the same frequency and wavelength, where 360° represents a single whole cycle of the wave form.

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11
Q

How many radians are in 360°?

A

6

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12
Q

What is 360° convert to in terms of radians?

A

2 π Radians

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13
Q

What must be the same be for phase difference to happen?

A

Wavelength and frequency

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14
Q

What are coherant waves?

A

Waves that are in phase

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15
Q

What is the equation for photon energy?

A

E=HF

Energy= Plancks constant x Frequency

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16
Q

What is the ground state?

A

The lowest energy state of an electron

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17
Q

What is the energy level of an electron?

A

One of the fixed values of energy for an electron that is bound to an atom.

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18
Q

What is light made up of?

A

Packs of energy called photons.

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19
Q

What is the equation to work out N lambda?

A

n λ = d sin θ

n lambda = d sin theta

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20
Q

What is the definition for frequency?

A

F=1/T

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21
Q

What is the displacement?

A

How far the quantity that is in oscillation has moved from its mean

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22
Q

What is the oscillation

A

A regularly repeating motion about a central value

23
Q

What is a period

A

The time taken for one whole cycle of an oscillation

24
Q

How do you work out wave speed?

A

V=Fxlambda

25
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (H)

26
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal and transverse wave

A

Sound waves and water ripples

27
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The tendency of a wave to spread out in all directions

28
Q

What is a diffraction grating?

A

Flat plane object with a series of regular lines that blocks parts of an advancing wave front

29
Q

What is transmission?

A

When some of the waves energy continues propagating forward through the gaps between the grating lines

30
Q

What is superposition?

A

The adding together of wave displacements that occurs when two waves overlap

31
Q

What is path difference?

A

The difference in length between two rays

32
Q

What is the interference pattern?

A

A stationary pattern that can result from the superposition of waves travelling in different directions

33
Q

Define coherent

A

Used to describe waves whose superposition gives a visible interference pattern

34
Q

Explain the gratings in reflection mode in the diffraction grating

A
  • You look at the part of the wave energy that is bounced back off the surface
  • The grating lines are regularly spaced so an interference pattern is produced
35
Q

What is a stationary wave?

A

When energy is stored rather than transferred

36
Q

What is resonance

A

The storing of energy in an oscillation or a stationary wave

37
Q

What is a node?

A

Points of minimum amplitude

38
Q

What is an antinode?

A

Points if maximum amplitude

39
Q

What is resonance

A

When the wave energy coming in from outside has a forcing frequency equal to the natural frequency of the resonator

40
Q

What is the refractive index?

A

N=C/V

Index of refraction= Speed of light in vacuum/ Speed of light in medium

41
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

When the angle of refraction is equal to 90 degrees.

42
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the light cannot pass through the surface- it is all reflected.

43
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the normal and the ray of light.

44
Q

What is an optical fibre?

A

A thin flexible fibre with a glass core through which light signals can be sent with very little loss of strength.

45
Q

What is an endoscope?

A

Optical instruments with long tubes that can be inserted into the body through an opening. Used during keyhole surgery.

46
Q

What are the 2 types of signals?

A

Analogue and digital

47
Q

What is an analogue signal?

A

A signal whose strength is proportional to the quantity it is representing

48
Q

What is a digital signal?

A

A digital signal is a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values.
It is possible to send data much faster than an analogue signal.

49
Q

Define broadband

A

Used as a relative term to indicate the speed and carrying capacity if a data channel.

50
Q

Define broadband

A

Used as a relative term to indicate the speed and carrying capacity if a data channel.

51
Q

What is multimode fibre?

A

The standard fibre cable used for sending optical signals over short to medim distances.

52
Q

What is single mode fibre?

A

Has a more narrower core, light moves as a single wave front straight down the centre of the fibre. Used for long distance

53
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10 to the power of 8

54
Q

What is the only frequency that the naked eye can see?

A

Visible light

Forensics (3 decks)

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