Biology

Question 1

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

• Multicellular organisms
• Has a nucleus
• In plants and animals

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

• Single-celled organisms
• Do not have a nucleus
• Are in bacteria

Question 3

What are the 2 types of microscopes?

Answer 3

Electron and light

Question 4

What are the 2 types of microscopes?

Answer 4

Electron and light

Question 5

Give properties of a light microscope

Answer 5

• Can see colour
• Specimen can be alive
• Lower resolution

Question 6

Give properties of an electron microscope

Answer 6

• Higher resolution
• Can only see dead organisms
• Can only see black and white

Question 7

What is the magnification equation?

Answer 7

IAM

Question 8

What is the nucleus

Answer 8

The organelle that contains the cells DNA

Question 9

What is the ribosome?

Answer 9

The organelle that makes proteins

Question 10

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

The organelle that processes and transports proteins

Question 11

What is the lysosome?

Answer 11

The organelle that digests food particles, wastes and cell parts

Question 12

What is one of the kety functions for the cell?

Answer 12

To synthesise proteins for use inside the cell, to lead cell multipilcation and for secretion of the cell

Question 13

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.

Question 14

What is the cell membrane

Answer 14

To help protect the cell and let substances in and out of the cell

Question 15

What is the main function of the nucleolus?

Answer 15

The primary function of the nucleolus is in facilitating ribosome biogenesis

Question 16

What is the cell wall?

Answer 16

Protects and supports each cell and the whole plant

Question 17

What is the chloroplast?

Answer 17

Site of photosynthesis. Light energy is trapped by the chlorophll

Question 18

What is the vacuole in a plant cell?

Answer 18

Vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.

Question 19

What is the tonoplast?

Answer 19

Selectively permeable to allow small molecules to pass through

Question 20

What is the amyloplast?

Answer 20

Responsible for teh synthesis and storage of starch granules

Question 21

What is the plasmodesmata?

Answer 21

Enables transport and communication between individual plant cells

Question 22

What are pits?

Answer 22

Allow water to enter and leabe xylem vessels

Question 23

What are bacterial cells?

Answer 23

Cells that produce and secrete toxins that have an effect on other organsims

Question 24

What is the capsule in a bacterial cell?

Answer 24

It protects the cell and prevents dessication

Question 25

What is the plasmids in a bacterial cell?

Answer 25

They carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism

Question 26

What colour are gram postive and negative bacteria?

Answer 26

Positive- Purple | Negative- Red

Question 27

Explain the steps of grams staining

Answer 27

1- Add crystal violet (purple dye) 2-Add iodine 3-Add alcohol (decolorization) 4-Add sanfranin (counterstain)

Question 28

Give properties of gram negative bacteria

Answer 28

- Thin cell wall | - 2 lipid membranes ( 1 either side)

Question 29

Give properties of postive bacteria

Answer 29

- Thicker cell wall | - 1 lipid membrane (inside the cell wall)

Question 30

What is a specilised cell?

Answer 30

A cell that has a special shape and features that allows it to carry out a particular task

Question 31

Give example of specialised cells

Answer 31

- Root hair cells | - Sperm cell

Question 32

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 32

- Squamous epithelial tissue - Ciliated columnar epithelial tissue - Endothelial tissue

Question 33

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 33

- Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth

Question 34

What is the z line?

Answer 34

The Z-line defines the lateral boundaries of the sarcomere

Question 35

What is the sacromere?

Answer 35

The span from one z-line to another

Question 36

What are the 2 types of muscle fibres?

Answer 36

- Slow twitch | - Fast twitch

Question 37

Give properties of fast twitch muscles

Answer 37

- Dont need oxygen - Fast to fire;best for explosive movements - Tire out quickly - Suited for short bursts of activity

Question 38

Give properties of slow twitch muscles

Answer 38

- Efficient in using oxygen - Delayed muscle firing - Dont fatigue easily - Suited for endurance

Question 39

What is the resting potential?

Answer 39

The term given to a neuron that is not transmitting an action potential and is at rest

Question 40

What is the action potential?

Answer 40

An action potential is defined as a sudden change of the resting membrane potential.

Question 41

What is the central nervous system made up of?

Answer 41

Brain and spine

Question 42

What is the myelin sheath

Answer 42

It's an insulating layer, that forms around nerves. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Question 43

What is the node of ranvier

Answer 43

It's a periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 44

What is the soma?

Answer 44

The soma, or cell body, is where the signals from the dendrites are joined and passed on.

Question 45

What is the dendrite?

Answer 45

The receiving part of the neuron. Dendrites receive synaptic inputs from axonsw

Question 46

What is the axon terminal?

Answer 46

Axon terminals are small swellings that are found at the terminal ends of axons. They are typically the sites where synapses with other neurons are found,

Question 47

What is tehe nervous system made u of?

Answer 47

Neurons

Question 48

What is depolarisation?

Answer 48

The change of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 49

What is repolarisation?

Answer 49

The restoration of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 50

What is a synapse?

Answer 50

The site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells. (A gap)

Question 51

How does the nerve cross the synapse?

Answer 51

Through a neurotransmitter

Question 52

Give an example of a genetic disease

Answer 52

Parkinsons: - Cant produce dopamine, which helps with normal movements - Symptoms: Slow speech, tremors - L-dopa drug replaces the dopamine