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Science 10 > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy

A

Ability to perform any task

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2
Q

System

A

The object and environment in which an energy reaction starts

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3
Q

Surrounding

A

Everything else other than the system

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4
Q

Open system

A

Energy and matter can be exchanged between system and surrounding

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5
Q

Closed system

A

Only energy can be exchanged between system and surrounding

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6
Q

Isolated system

A

Energy and matter cannot be exchanged

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7
Q

Kinetic molecular theory

A

Particles are always in motion

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8
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of an object that is in motion

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9
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy that has the potential to be transformed into another form of energy.

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10
Q

Mechanical kinetic energy

A

The energy when an object is moving

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11
Q

Radiant energy

A

energy sent out in the form of electromagnetic waves Heat, light, and radio waves are forms of radiant energy

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12
Q

Sound energy

A

Energy as a wave of vibration moving through matter

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13
Q

Electrical kinetic energy

A

Energy of charged particles moving through a conductor

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14
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy of moving particles transferred by heat

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15
Q

How to measure thermal kinetic energy?

A

Temperature, thermal energy, heat

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16
Q

How can heat be transferred?

A

Conduction, convection, radiation

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17
Q

The equation of calculating mechanical kinetic energy

A

Ek=1/2 * M * v^2, Ek=kinetic energy, m=mass, v=velocity (m/s)

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18
Q

Chemical potential energy

A

energy stored in chemical bonds

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19
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Energy stored in bent, compressed or stretched objects

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20
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Energy stored in objects becasue of it’s position from a reference point

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21
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of atom

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22
Q

Electrical potential energy

A

energy stored when charged particles are seperated

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23
Q

Magnetic potential energy

A

Energy stored when magnetic poles are forced together or forced apart

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24
Q

Equation of gravitational potential energy

A

Eg=mg*H, m=mass, g=9.8, h=height

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25
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be transformed but it is never created or destroyed

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26
Q

Endothermic energy

A

When you need more energy to break the bond than the energy released when bonds are formed

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27
Q

Exothermic energy

A

Reactant require less energy to break bonds then what they produce when they form.

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28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

When CO2 and H2O combine with energy and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen

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29
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose+oxygen=Co2+H2O, mechanical, chemical, electrical energy.

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30
Q

What type of reaction is Fossil Fuels

A

A Combustion reaction

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31
Q

Fuel Cells

A

chemical potential energy transfers into electrical energy. Turn water when it react with oxygen.

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32
Q

Nuclear decay

A

Unstable Isotope emits particles from their nuclei to get rid of the extra energy, Uses radiant energy during this process

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33
Q

Alpha decay

A

atomic number decrease by 2. mass is decrease by 4. Creates a helium with atomic number as 2 and mass as 4.

34
Q

Beta-decay

A

creates a proton and electron. Proton stay in the atom so the original atom’s atomic number increase by 1

35
Q

Gamma decay

A

Excited state into stable state. No change to atom but adds gamma rays. (00Y)

36
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Two small nuclei combine to form one nuclei. High temperature and energy for it to happen.

37
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of gases that extend above a planets surface

38
Q

What are the order of gases starting from the one nearest to earth?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

39
Q

Troposphere characteristics

A

Almost all water vapor and dust is found in this layer. Contain 99% of N2 and O2. Temperature, -55 Celsius

40
Q

Stratosphere characteristics

A

Dry air, contains ozone.

41
Q

What does a ozone do

A

It absorbs the ultraviolet radiation from the sun

42
Q

mesosphere characteristics

A

Constantly bombarded by meteors and dust. Temperature, as low as -100 Celsius every day

43
Q

thermosphere characteristics

A

The northern light is the result of charged particles colliding with this sphere. Temperature. 1500-3000 Celsius

44
Q

Exosphere characterisitcs

A

Merge with space

45
Q

What is an insolation?

A

The amount of solar radiation that reaches a certain area.

46
Q

What is Angle of Insidence

A

Angle of a ray reaching the surface and a line perpendicular to the surface. Greater the angle, less solar radiation.

47
Q

What is radiation budget

A

Keeps ongoing and ingoing energy in balance

48
Q

Albedo

A

Amount of radiation reflected by the earth’s surface

49
Q

What places have low albedo and why?

A

Dark places such as forest, ocean, etc. Because the dark places absorb more radiation

50
Q

What places have more albedo and why?

A

Bright places such as snow. Because it will reflect radiation.

51
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure given by the mass of air above any point of earth’s surface

52
Q

What do Barometers measure and in what unit?

A

Atmospheric pressure in Kilopascals.

53
Q

What will happen to atmospheric pressure when altitude increase?

A

atmospheric pressure will decrease

54
Q

What will happen to atmospheric pressure when temperature increase?

A

Warm air less dense than cold air, resulting in lower atmospheric pressure

55
Q

What will happen to atmospheric pressure when humidity increase?

A

atmospheric pressure decreases

56
Q

What is humidity?

A

Measures the amount of water vapor in air

57
Q

What is air mass

A

A parcel of air with similar temperature and humidity throughout

58
Q

How does a high pressure system form?

A

When cool air forms over a cold region

59
Q

What is a front?

A

A boundary between two air masses

60
Q

What is weather?

A

a condition of the atmosphere in a specific place and a specific time

61
Q

What is wind?

A

movement of air from areas with high pressure to low pressure

62
Q

What is prevailing wind?

A

Wind that is typical for a certain region

63
Q

What is Coriolis effect

A

Change of direction of moving air, water or object due to the earths rotation

64
Q

Definition of climate

A

The average condition of the atmoshpere of a certain area for at least 30 years.

65
Q

Biogeoclimatic zones

A

A region with a certain type of climate, animal, soil, geography

66
Q

Paleoclimatologists

A

Study fossile fuel of glacier to understand climate change

67
Q

icecores

A

Sample of ice to determine what type and amount of gases existed in the atmosphere

68
Q

What are 4 factors that affect climate change?

A

Greenhouse gases, earths tilt, axis of rotation, orbit around sun

69
Q

What is the use of carbon cycle

A

It maintains the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

70
Q

What is carbon sinks

A

anything that will hold carbon dioxide

71
Q

what are 3 examples of carbon sink

A

deep ocean, shelled organisms, forest

72
Q

What is catastrophic events

A

Events that adds dust, debris and gas in the atmosphere

73
Q

What is water cycle

A

it describes the circulation of water on and above the surface.

74
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

increase of greenhouse gas which lead to increase of capacity of atmosphere to absorb and emit thermal energy

75
Q

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

A

The ability for substances to increase the temperature of the atmosphere by absorbing and emitting thermal energy

76
Q

What is the most common greenhouse gas?

A

Water vapor (65%)

77
Q

What greenhouse gas has the most GWP?

A

Chlorofluorocarbon

78
Q

what is infrared radiation

A

heat radiation

79
Q

Definition of endothermic

A

The reactants has less chemical potential energy than the product.

80
Q

Definition of exothermic

A

The reactant has more chemical potential energy than the product.

Science 10 (6 decks)

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