Chemistry Flashcards
Atom
The smallest particle of an element
Subatomic particles
Electron, neutron, protons
Stable Octet
When an electron shell is full
Period
A row in the periodic table
Family
A column in the periodic table
Bohr diagram
Shows the arrangement of subatomic particles in atoms and Ions
Lewis diagrams
Shows chemical bonding by only showing the chemical symbol and the valence electrons
Ions
When an element loses or gains an electron
Ionic compound
Consist of a negative ion (metal) and a positive ion (non-metal)
Cation
positive ion
anion
negative ion
Ionic bonding
one or more electron transfer from metal to non-metal
Covalent Bonding
When two or more covalent compounds share electrons
Covalent compound
two or more non-metal atoms
ionic compound
Metal + non-metal
Ionic lewis diagram
don’t have bonding pairs
Ionic Bohr diagram
Don’t share electrons
covalent lewis diagram
has bonding pairs
covalent Bohr diagram
share electrons
multivalent element
more than 1 ion charge
multivalent ionic compound
a compound that consist of a multivalent element
polyatomic ion
made from several atoms joined together (nitrite NO2)
Chemical change
A change in arrangement and connections between atoms and ions
chemical reaction
several chemical change that occur at the same time
Chemical equation
representation of a chemical reaction
What is CH4
methane
What is NH3
ammonia
Diatomic elements
H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2
Activation energy
minium energy that is needed to get the chemical reactions started
Law of conservation energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
system
materials involved in the reaction
surrounding
Everything else in the universe except for the system
Exothermic reaction
More energy released when forming the bond than the energy needed to break the bond
Endothermic reaction
More energy needed when breaking the bond than the energy released when the bond is formed
Synthesis reaction
A+B=AB
Decomposition reaction
AB=A+B
Single replacement reaction
A+BC=B+AC (where A is metal) A+BC=C+BA (where A is non-metal)
Double replacement reaction
AB+CD=AD+CB
Neutralization reaction
acid+base=salt+water (H…)+(…OH)=salt+H2O
Combustion reaction
CxHy + O2 = CO2+H2O
Rate of Reaction
How fast or slow the reactant turns into the product during a chemical reaction
Acid
produces Hydrogen Ions
Bases
Produces Hydroxide ions
Concentration
the amount of Hydrogen in a solution
PH of solution
a way to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions
Naming Acids with oxygen
ate=ic, ite=ous + acid (H2So4= Sulfic acid)
What is the definition of salt
Salt is an ionic compound that is formed during the reaction of acid and base, metal and acid, carbonate and acid. Also, all ionic compounds are salt
What is the product when the reactant is acid and metal?
The product is salt and hydrogen gas
What is the most reactive metal?
Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
What is the product when the reactant is acid and carbonate?
The product is salt, carbon dioxide and water.
What are oxides
Chemical compound that has at least one oxygen atom or ion
What will be formed when metal oxide reacts with water?
bases
What will be formed when non-metal oxide reacts with water?
acids
what is an organic compound
When carbon is bonded with nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens.
What is an inorganic compound
All compounds except for organic compounds are inorganic compounds
Is carbonates organic or inorganic?
inorganic
What is Hydrocarbon?
Consist only of hydrogen and carbon
What is alcohol?
Consist of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Naming acid without oxygen
Hydro + negative ion + ic + acid. (Hydro, ic) Hydrochloric acid
Naming bases
add hydroxide in the end. NaOH=Sodium Hydroxide
4 special exceptions with naming acid
phosphate,phosphite + or + ic, + or + ous | sulfate, sulfite + ur + ic, + ur + ous
How to remember naming acids
my ride has hydrolics. I ate something icky, Sprite is delicious
