Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HIS Second Term Finals > Physics 101 > Flashcards

Physics 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of energy?

A

Joules (J)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the ways of transferring energy?

A

Thermal, electrical, light, and sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ways of storing energy?

A

Kinetic, chemical, potential, nuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The that an object stores because it is moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is potential energy?

A

The stored energy an object has because of its position or shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one form to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is efficiency?

A

The percentage of the energy that a machine transfers as useful energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

efficiency = useful energy transferred / total energy transferred x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does Earth get most of its energy from?

A

The sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you increase the internal energy of an object?

A

By heating the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of thermal energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is conduction?

A

The travel of thermal energy through solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a thermal conductor?

A

A solid which allows heat to travel through them easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A material that doesn’t let heat flow them easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain how layers of clothes keeps a human warm:

A

The clothes act as an insulator and reduce the rate at which heat is lost to surroundings. If you wear multiple layers of clothing the air is trapped between the clothes and keeps you warm because trapped air is an excellent insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain thermal conduction:

A

When a solid is heated it’s particles move faster. When the particles vibrate they collide with the neighboring particles. This causes the neighboring particles to move faster as well. The thermal energy is passed through the solid like a chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is convection?

A

The transfer of thermal energy in liquids and gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain convection current:

A

When air is heated it expands. The mass of air occupies a larger volume, making it less dense than the colder air around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is land heated faster by the sun than the sea?

A

Because the heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a thermal?

A

A rising air current due to local heating of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of thermal energy in electromagnetic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are houses in hot countries often painted white?

A

Because white surfaces are poor absorbers of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is evaporation?
When a liquid turns into a gas
26
Explain how a person feels cold when they’re wet on a windy day:
When your body/clothes are wet, your body heats the water. The thermal energy from your body is transferred to the water, making the water molecules move faster. Since the thermal energy is leaving your body to the surroundings, you feel cold
27
How does heat escape from a hot drink through conduction?
Through the cup wall
28
How does heat escape a hot liquid to through evaporation?
From the surface of the liquid
29
How does heat escape from a hot liquid through convection?
Warm air rises after being heated by the hot drink
30
How does heat escape from a hot liquid through radiation?
From the surface of the cup
31
What is the Big Bang theory?
The theory that all matter started as a tiny dense hot mass and I gradually expanding
32
How does a red shift work?
When an object is moving away from us it’s light is distorted, giving a redder color
33
Define galaxy:
Millions of starts grouped together
34
Explain nuclear fusion:
The sun doesn’t burn, inside the sun there are hydrogen atoms which join together to produce helium atoms
35
What is a white dwarf?
When a small sun collapses
36
What is a black hole and explain it:
A black hole is when a big sun collapses and creates a gravitational pull.
37
What is a planet?
A large object orbiting a star
38
How were the planets and the sun formed?
From a swirling cloud of dust and gas
39
How many planets are in the solar system?
8
40
How are planets held in their orbit?
By the Sun’s gravity
41
How are planets seen?
The sun is a luminous object and it’s light is very strong. The planets reflect off the light of the Sun and are then seen
42
What is the shape of the planet’s orbits?
Elliptical (oval)
43
Describe Mercury:
Closest planet to the Sun, has the shortest year due to it’s space with the Sun
44
Describe Venus:
Hottest planet, due to carbon dioxide in its atmosphere causing a green house effect. Clouds of sulphuric acid
45
Describe Earth:
Only lamer which can support life, because the temperature is not too hot or cold, liquid water on there surface and clouds of water vapor around it
46
Describe Mars:
Rocky mountainous planet that looks red. Thin atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide
47
Describe Jupiter:
Largest planet, mainly made up of hydrogen and helium. Has a ring around it made up of rock and ice crystals. Largest moon is Ganymede
48
Describe Saturn:
Mainly made up of hydrogen and helium, has rings around it made up of rocks and ice crystals. Least dense planet
49
Describe Uranus:
Has many rings made from rock and ice. Has an atmosphere of hydrogen, helium and methane
50
Describe Neptune:
Has rings, atmosphere made up of blue methane. Has the fiercest winds.
51
Name all the planets in the solar system:
Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune
52
How is a body considered as a planet?
To be big enough and spherical, and to have “cleared its orbit”
53
What is a dwarf plant?
A planet that orbits the Sun and is spherical, but not big enough to clear its orbit
54
What is an asteroid?
A small rocky body mostly orbiting between Mars and Jupiter
55
What is a meteoroid?
A small piece of asteroids or comets.
56
What is a meteor shower?
Lots of meteors seen together over a few hours or a day
57
What is a meteor?
When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere
58
What is a meteorite?
When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and survives the the atmosphere and hits the Earth
59
What is a comet?
A lump of ice and dust orbiting the sun.
60
How long does it take for the Earth to spin around it’s axis once?
24 hours
61
What degree is the Earth’s axis tilted to?
23.5 degrees
62
How many days does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun?
365 days and 6 hours
63
What is a leap day?
An extra day at the end of February every 4th year
64
When is leap day?
February 29
65
What is leap year?
A year with 366 days
66
How many days does it take for the moon to go around the Earth?
29 days and 12 hours or 29.5
67
Is the moon an artificial satellite?
No. The Moon is a natural satellite
68
What is a natural satellite?
Something orbiting a planet that is not man-made
69
Explain how we can see the moon:
The Sun shines it light and the moon reflects it
70
Explain a new moon:
When the moon is in between the Sun and the Earth and the lit up side is not seen by the Earth
71
What are the phases of the Moon?
New moon, crescent moon, half moon, and full moon
72
What is a lunar eclipse?
An eclipse of the moon when the moon goes into the shadows of the Earth
73
What is a solar eclipse?
When the Moon goes in between the Sun and the Earth and blocks the Sun’s rays
74
Does the Moon spin on its axis?
No. The same side of the Moon always faces the Earth
75
What is mass?
A measure of the amount of matter something is made of
76
What is mass measured in?
Grams (g) and Kilograms (Kg)
77
What is weight?
The amount of force which gravity pulls on an object
78
What is weight measured in?
Newtons (N)
79
What is gravity?
The affect of gravitational attraction between masses
80
How many newtons is 1 kg?
10 Newtons
81
How many kg is 2,400 Newtons?
240 kg
82
What happens to gravity as you get further away from Earth?
The influence of gravity decreases
83
How do satellites orbit the Earth?
The Earth’s gravitational force keeps satellites from flying off in space
84
What is an artificial satellite?
A man-made object placed in an orbit around the Earth
85
How long does it take for an artificial satellite to orbit Earth?
It can be controlled by choosing the height of its orbit
86
What is a geostationary orbit?
An orbital path above the Equator in which it takes 24 hours to complete one orbit. The object stays in the same place and position
87
How long is the average radius of the Moon’s orbit?
384,000 km
88
Who was Ptolemy?
An Egyptian astronomer who lived in Alexandria
89
How did the Greeks discover the Earth is round?
They measured the angle of the Sun at two places a known distance apart and worked out the circumference of the Earth
90
What did Nicole Copernicus discover?
The Sun is the center of our solar system and all the planets are orbiting it
91
What did Tycho Brahe make?
Accurate observations of the planets
92
What did Galileo Galilei do?
He was the first person to use the telescope scientifically

HIS Second Term Finals (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions