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HIS Second Term Finals > Physics 101 > Flashcards

Physics 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of energy?

A

Joules (J)

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2
Q

What are the ways of transferring energy?

A

Thermal, electrical, light, and sound

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3
Q

What are the ways of storing energy?

A

Kinetic, chemical, potential, nuclear

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The that an object stores because it is moving

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5
Q

What is potential energy?

A

The stored energy an object has because of its position or shape

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6
Q

What are the two types of potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy

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7
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one form to another

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8
Q

What is efficiency?

A

The percentage of the energy that a machine transfers as useful energy

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9
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

efficiency = useful energy transferred / total energy transferred x 100

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10
Q

Where does Earth get most of its energy from?

A

The sun

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11
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

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12
Q

How do you increase the internal energy of an object?

A

By heating the object

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13
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of thermal energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 C

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14
Q

What is conduction?

A

The travel of thermal energy through solids

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15
Q

What is a thermal conductor?

A

A solid which allows heat to travel through them easily

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16
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A material that doesn’t let heat flow them easily

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17
Q

Explain how layers of clothes keeps a human warm:

A

The clothes act as an insulator and reduce the rate at which heat is lost to surroundings. If you wear multiple layers of clothing the air is trapped between the clothes and keeps you warm because trapped air is an excellent insulator

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18
Q

Explain thermal conduction:

A

When a solid is heated it’s particles move faster. When the particles vibrate they collide with the neighboring particles. This causes the neighboring particles to move faster as well. The thermal energy is passed through the solid like a chain.

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19
Q

What is convection?

A

The transfer of thermal energy in liquids and gases

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20
Q

Explain convection current:

A

When air is heated it expands. The mass of air occupies a larger volume, making it less dense than the colder air around it

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21
Q

Why is land heated faster by the sun than the sea?

A

Because the heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of the land

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22
Q

What is a thermal?

A

A rising air current due to local heating of air

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23
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of thermal energy in electromagnetic waves

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24
Q

Why are houses in hot countries often painted white?

A

Because white surfaces are poor absorbers of radiation

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25
Q

What is evaporation?

A

When a liquid turns into a gas

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26
Q

Explain how a person feels cold when they’re wet on a windy day:

A

When your body/clothes are wet, your body heats the water. The thermal energy from your body is transferred to the water, making the water molecules move faster. Since the thermal energy is leaving your body to the surroundings, you feel cold

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27
Q

How does heat escape from a hot drink through conduction?

A

Through the cup wall

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28
Q

How does heat escape a hot liquid to through evaporation?

A

From the surface of the liquid

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29
Q

How does heat escape from a hot liquid through convection?

A

Warm air rises after being heated by the hot drink

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30
Q

How does heat escape from a hot liquid through radiation?

A

From the surface of the cup

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31
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

The theory that all matter started as a tiny dense hot mass and I gradually expanding

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32
Q

How does a red shift work?

A

When an object is moving away from us it’s light is distorted, giving a redder color

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33
Q

Define galaxy:

A

Millions of starts grouped together

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34
Q

Explain nuclear fusion:

A

The sun doesn’t burn, inside the sun there are hydrogen atoms which join together to produce helium atoms

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35
Q

What is a white dwarf?

A

When a small sun collapses

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36
Q

What is a black hole and explain it:

A

A black hole is when a big sun collapses and creates a gravitational pull.

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37
Q

What is a planet?

A

A large object orbiting a star

38
Q

How were the planets and the sun formed?

A

From a swirling cloud of dust and gas

39
Q

How many planets are in the solar system?

A

8

40
Q

How are planets held in their orbit?

A

By the Sun’s gravity

41
Q

How are planets seen?

A

The sun is a luminous object and it’s light is very strong. The planets reflect off the light of the Sun and are then seen

42
Q

What is the shape of the planet’s orbits?

A

Elliptical (oval)

43
Q

Describe Mercury:

A

Closest planet to the Sun, has the shortest year due to it’s space with the Sun

44
Q

Describe Venus:

A

Hottest planet, due to carbon dioxide in its atmosphere causing a green house effect. Clouds of sulphuric acid

45
Q

Describe Earth:

A

Only lamer which can support life, because the temperature is not too hot or cold, liquid water on there surface and clouds of water vapor around it

46
Q

Describe Mars:

A

Rocky mountainous planet that looks red. Thin atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide

47
Q

Describe Jupiter:

A

Largest planet, mainly made up of hydrogen and helium. Has a ring around it made up of rock and ice crystals. Largest moon is Ganymede

48
Q

Describe Saturn:

A

Mainly made up of hydrogen and helium, has rings around it made up of rocks and ice crystals. Least dense planet

49
Q

Describe Uranus:

A

Has many rings made from rock and ice. Has an atmosphere of hydrogen, helium and methane

50
Q

Describe Neptune:

A

Has rings, atmosphere made up of blue methane. Has the fiercest winds.

51
Q

Name all the planets in the solar system:

A

Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune

52
Q

How is a body considered as a planet?

A

To be big enough and spherical, and to have “cleared its orbit”

53
Q

What is a dwarf plant?

A

A planet that orbits the Sun and is spherical, but not big enough to clear its orbit

54
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

A small rocky body mostly orbiting between Mars and Jupiter

55
Q

What is a meteoroid?

A

A small piece of asteroids or comets.

56
Q

What is a meteor shower?

A

Lots of meteors seen together over a few hours or a day

57
Q

What is a meteor?

A

When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere

58
Q

What is a meteorite?

A

When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and survives the the atmosphere and hits the Earth

59
Q

What is a comet?

A

A lump of ice and dust orbiting the sun.

60
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to spin around it’s axis once?

A

24 hours

61
Q

What degree is the Earth’s axis tilted to?

A

23.5 degrees

62
Q

How many days does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun?

A

365 days and 6 hours

63
Q

What is a leap day?

A

An extra day at the end of February every 4th year

64
Q

When is leap day?

A

February 29

65
Q

What is leap year?

A

A year with 366 days

66
Q

How many days does it take for the moon to go around the Earth?

A

29 days and 12 hours or 29.5

67
Q

Is the moon an artificial satellite?

A

No. The Moon is a natural satellite

68
Q

What is a natural satellite?

A

Something orbiting a planet that is not man-made

69
Q

Explain how we can see the moon:

A

The Sun shines it light and the moon reflects it

70
Q

Explain a new moon:

A

When the moon is in between the Sun and the Earth and the lit up side is not seen by the Earth

71
Q

What are the phases of the Moon?

A

New moon, crescent moon, half moon, and full moon

72
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

A

An eclipse of the moon when the moon goes into the shadows of the Earth

73
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

When the Moon goes in between the Sun and the Earth and blocks the Sun’s rays

74
Q

Does the Moon spin on its axis?

A

No. The same side of the Moon always faces the Earth

75
Q

What is mass?

A

A measure of the amount of matter something is made of

76
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Grams (g) and Kilograms (Kg)

77
Q

What is weight?

A

The amount of force which gravity pulls on an object

78
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

79
Q

What is gravity?

A

The affect of gravitational attraction between masses

80
Q

How many newtons is 1 kg?

A

10 Newtons

81
Q

How many kg is 2,400 Newtons?

A

240 kg

82
Q

What happens to gravity as you get further away from Earth?

A

The influence of gravity decreases

83
Q

How do satellites orbit the Earth?

A

The Earth’s gravitational force keeps satellites from flying off in space

84
Q

What is an artificial satellite?

A

A man-made object placed in an orbit around the Earth

85
Q

How long does it take for an artificial satellite to orbit Earth?

A

It can be controlled by choosing the height of its orbit

86
Q

What is a geostationary orbit?

A

An orbital path above the Equator in which it takes 24 hours to complete one orbit. The object stays in the same place and position

87
Q

How long is the average radius of the Moon’s orbit?

A

384,000 km

88
Q

Who was Ptolemy?

A

An Egyptian astronomer who lived in Alexandria

89
Q

How did the Greeks discover the Earth is round?

A

They measured the angle of the Sun at two places a known distance apart and worked out the circumference of the Earth

90
Q

What did Nicole Copernicus discover?

A

The Sun is the center of our solar system and all the planets are orbiting it

91
Q

What did Tycho Brahe make?

A

Accurate observations of the planets

92
Q

What did Galileo Galilei do?

A

He was the first person to use the telescope scientifically

HIS Second Term Finals (5 decks)

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