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HIS Second Term Finals > Chemistry 101 > Flashcards

Chemistry 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A change which involves the formation of a new substance

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2
Q

What is effervescence?

A

When a gas is produced in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

What is precipitation?

A

When a solid is formed in a chemical reaction

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4
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

The solid formed in precipitation

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5
Q

What does combustion mean?

A

Explosion

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6
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which gives out heat

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7
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which takes in heat

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8
Q

What are reactants?

A

The substances we start with in a chemical reaction

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9
Q

What are products?

A

The new substances formed in a chemical reaction

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10
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process of a plant making food

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11
Q

Which reaction is reversible?

A

Physical reaction

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12
Q

Which reaction isn’t reversible?

A

Chemical reaction

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13
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change with no new substances formed in it

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14
Q

Is mixing substances considered as a physical change?

A

Yes, as long as no new substances are formed

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15
Q

The components of air:

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

The components of sea water:

A

Water, salt, and other dissolved substances

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17
Q

The components of soil:

A

Rock fragments, water, dissolved minerals, air, and humus

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18
Q

The components of a rock:

A

Different minerals

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19
Q

What is humus?

A

A type of fertilizer

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20
Q

Name the states of matter:

A

Solid, liquid, and gas

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21
Q

Name the common changes of state:

A

Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, evaporation, and sublimation

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22
Q

Melting:

A

Solid to liquid

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23
Q

Boiling:

A

Liquid to gas

24
Q

Evaporation:

A

Liquid to gas

25
Q

Condensation:

A

Gas to liquid

26
Q

Freezing:

A

Liquid to solid

27
Q

Sublimation:

A

Gas to solid or solid to gas

28
Q

How can you change a state?

A

By heating or cooling

29
Q

What is matter?

A

The scientific word used to describe all the different types of substances and materials found in our universe

30
Q

What is the boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid rapidly turns into a gas

31
Q

What is the melting point?

A

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

32
Q

What is the freezing point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid

33
Q

Explain the particle theory?

A

All matter is made up of tiny particles which are in constant motion. There are beliefs that there are forces of attraction holding the particles together

34
Q

What is an atom?

A

The simplest particle

35
Q

What is the diameter of the largest atom?

A

0.000 000 000 5 m

36
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms which are joined together

37
Q

How do you name the differences between the states of matter?

A

Their movements, spacing, and forces of attraction between them

38
Q

Describe the atoms/molecules in a solid:

A

Strong forces of attraction, held closely together, and wobble back and forth

39
Q

Describe the atoms/molecules in a liquid:

A

Weaker forces of attraction, slightly further apart, and move around each other

40
Q

Describe the atoms/particles of a gas:

A

Weak forces of attraction, particles are very far apart, and can move in about all directions

41
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When the particles of one substance spread out and mix with the particles of another substance

42
Q

Where does diffusion occur the fastest?

A

In gases because the particles in gases move the fastest

43
Q

What happens when a substance expands?

A

It gets bigger

44
Q

What happens when a substance contracts?

A

It gets smaller

45
Q

What is density?

A

The mass of a unit volume of a material substance

46
Q

What is mass?

A

A large body of matter with do definite shape

47
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space a substance or object occupies

48
Q

How do you calculate density?

A

Mass/volume

49
Q

How do you calculate volume?

A

length * width * height

50
Q

What is volume measured in?

A

cubic centimeters (cm3)

51
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Grams (g) and kilograms (kg)

52
Q

What is air pressure?

A

The force of air particles hitting a surface

53
Q

What is a vacuum pump used for?

A

To remove the air from inside a container

54
Q

What can we use to measure air pressure?

A

Barometer

55
Q

What is the unit of air pressure?

A

Pascals (Pa)

56
Q

Why are gases less dense than liquids and solids?

A

Because the particles of a gas are further apart

HIS Second Term Finals (5 decks)

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