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Physical science > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion

A

Every object will remain in a state of rest or motion until acted on by a net force.

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2
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion

A

The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

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3
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion

A

When two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction.

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4
Q

What is displacement

A

distance from the original location.

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5
Q

What is distance

A

the total distance traveled from the original location.

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6
Q

What is velocity

A

speed and direction

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7
Q

What is speed

A

the rate at which an object is moving in.

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8
Q

What is a net force

A

The net force is the vector sum of all the forces that act upon an object.

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9
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A scalar quantity measures only magnitude. e.g, speed, distance, mass, etc

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10
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

A vector quantity measures magnitude and direction. e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration.

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11
Q

What is a balanced force

A

it is when both forces in opposite directions have equal pressure on an object

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12
Q

What is an unbalanced force

A

It is when there is a larger and a lesser force in one of the opposing sides.

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13
Q

What is the instantaneous velocity

A

it’s the velocity in any point in time, the slope of a line in a graph can be the instantaneous velocity.

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14
Q

What is the difference between instantaneous velocity and instantaneous speed

A

Instantaneous speed will be the absolute value, while instantaneous velocity will have a negative or positive sign.

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15
Q

How to calculate momentum

A

p = m . v

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16
Q

What is the variable sign for momentum

A

p

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17
Q

What is the variable sign for force

A

F

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18
Q

State the law of conservation of momentum.

A

For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.

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19
Q

What is a closed system

A

It’s a system where no outside forces are also affecting the members of the systems.

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20
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

the energy of an object in motion

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21
Q

What is an elastic collision

A

An elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same

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22
Q

What does FΔt=mΔv mean

A

This equation says that a force applied for an amount of time causes the momentum to change.

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23
Q

What does m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v mean

A

This equation works for a collision where two objects stick together.

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24
Q

How to calculate acceleration

A

a = Δv/Δt

25
Q

What is work

A

work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along with a displacement.

26
Q

How to calculate work

A

W = F . d

27
Q

What does Force equal

A

F = w/d

28
Q

What is power

A

the rate at which work is accomplished

29
Q

How to calculate power

A

P = w/t

30
Q

What is a machine

A

a device that changes the force used to do a given amount of work, and the distance over which the force is applied

31
Q

How to decrease a given force to accomplish the same amount of work

A

increase the distance

32
Q

What is an input force

A

the amount of force applied to a simple machine

33
Q

What is an output force

A

the amount of force a simple machine applies to an object

34
Q

What is a fulcrum

A

The fulcrum is the point on which the beam pivots

35
Q

What is an inclined plane

A

simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies

36
Q

What is a wedge

A

A wedge is a triangular-shaped tool and is a portable inclined plane. It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object

37
Q

What is a wheel and an axle

A

two cylinders of different sizes―the larger is the wheel, and the smaller is the axle―connected so that force applied to one causes the other to turn; a simple machine used to reduce the amount of force needed to rotate or move an object

38
Q

What is a pulley

A

a grooved wheel in a fixed location that keeps a rope or cable in place as it moves through it; a simple machine used to lift objects by changing the direction of the force

39
Q

What is compound machine

A

A compound machine is a machine that consists of more than one simple machine.

40
Q

How to calculate kinetic energy

A

KE = ½mv2

41
Q

What is potential energy

A

stored energy that is associated with the position of an object

42
Q

What are the two forms of potential energy

A

elastic and gravitational

43
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

energy stored due to a change in shape in a material that tends to return to its original shape

44
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

energy invested in an object by lifting it against the force of gravity

45
Q

What is the equation for potential energy

A

PE=mgh

46
Q

What does g mean

A

The acceleration due to gravity

47
Q

What are mechanical waves

A

A mechanical wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from one location to another

48
Q

What is thermal energy

A

the total energy of any closed system, including all internal kinetic and potential energy of the system

49
Q

How is temperature and kinetic energy of particles related?

A

At a higher temperature, the particles are warmer, and they will possess more kinetic energy.

50
Q

What is heat

A

the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another

51
Q

What is thermal equilibrium

A

when two or more elements of a closed physical system have the same thermal energy

52
Q

What is the kinetic theory of heat

A

the theory that states that heat is the result of the movement of particles in a system

53
Q

What is conduction

A

the movement of thermal energy by bodies or fluids that are in contact

54
Q

What is radiation

A

thermal energy transmitted as waves

55
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

it states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.

56
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

if three objects are in thermal equilibrium. A=B=C

then A=C

57
Q

What is entropy

A

it is a measure of the number of possible arrangements the atoms in a system can have. In this sense, entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness

58
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics

A

it states that entropy, which is often thought of as simple ‘disorder’, will always increase within a closed system.

59
Q

What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

A

The Third Law states, “The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero when the temperature of the crystal is equal to absolute zero (0 K).”

Physical science (4 decks)

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