Biology Flashcards
How big are eukaryotic cells?
10-100 micrometers
What is an organelle?
a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Which organelle is responsible for releasing energy?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?
Nucleus
Name the process in which a cell develops new sub-cellular structures to let it perform a specific function:
Cell differentiation
What is the acrosome?
An organelle over the tip of the sperm cell that contains digestive enzymes.
What is the tail of a sperm cell called?
flagellum
What is a neuron?
the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells
What is an axon?
A cable connecting neurons that lets electrical impulses travel to other neurons.
Name the substance that strengthens the cell walls of xylem cells
Lignin
What is the concentration gradient?
The concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between two areas.
Membrane surface area effect on diffusion
The larger the surface area of the membrane that a substance is diffusing through (e.g. the membrane around a cell), the faster the rate of diffusion.
Temperature effect on diffusion
The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion.
Thin membrane effect on diffusion?
A thin membrane reduces the diffusion distance.
