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GCSE SCIENCE > Physics 1, 2, 3 Questions > Flashcards

Physics 1, 2, 3 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

How are P-waves different to S-waves?

A

P waves:

  • Travel through solids and liquids
  • Faster
  • Longitudinal

S waves:

  • Travel through solids
  • Slower
  • Transverse
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2
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?

A

Analogue can take any value within a certain range. Digital can only take two values, on/off or 1/0.

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3
Q

What does convection happen in?

A

Liquids and gases

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3
Q

What is Multiplexing?

A

Lots of different signals can be transmitted down a single optical fibre at the same time, so minimal cables are needed.

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4
Q

Why does convection happen here?

A

It happens in liquid and gas because the particles are free to move, whereas in solids, particles can’t move.

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5
Q

What is Diffraction?

A

When waves spread out at the edges as they pass through a gap or past an object.

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6
Q

What is insulation payback time?

A

It is the time it takes for the money you save annually to cover the cost of the insulation.

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7
Q

What is the specific latent heat for boiling?

A

The amount of energy needed to boil 1kg of material without changing the temperature.

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8
Q

What Is The Specific Latent Heat Of Melting?

A

The amount of energy needed to melt 1kg of material without changing its temperature

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9
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

The amount of ENERGY needed to raise the temperature of 1KG of a substance by 1 DEGREE

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9
Q

What is Specific Latent Heat?

A

The energy needed to CHANGE STATE

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10
Q

How does a star form?

A

Gravity pulls dust and clouds together to create an interstellar dust cloud. The gravitational energy is converted to heat energy, raising the temperature to create a protostar. This high temperature causes hydrogen nuclei to fuse (thermonuclear fusion) which releases energy in the form if heat and light. This then creates a star.

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11
Q

What are the advantages of a wind turbine?

A
  • Cheap to run
  • Doesn’t pollute
  • Renewable
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12
Q

Up to what wavelength are radio signals refracted back to Earth?

A

Up to 300m

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of a wind turbine?

A
  • Visual/noise pollution
  • Wind may not be fast enough
  • Expensive to set up
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13
Q

How is a black hole formed?

A

Stellar nebula, massive star, red supergiant, supernova, black hole

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15
Q

What is Electromagnetic Induction?

A

The creation of voltage in a wire which is experiencing a change in magnetic field.

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17
Q

What are the advantages of photocells?

A
  • There are no moving parts
  • Low maintenance
  • Last a long time
  • No power cables
  • Renewable and doesn’t pollute
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18
Q

What do seat belts do?

A

Stretch slightly, increasing the time taken for the wearer to stop. This reduces the force acting on the chest

19
Q

How do ABS brakes work?

A

Ordinary brakes skid when the driver brakes hard, ABS brakes automatically pump on and off to stop the wheels locking and prevents skidding

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of Photocells?

A
  • No sunlight = No power

- Not useful in bad weather

21
Q

What do crumple zones do?

A

Crumple and change shape on impact, increasing the time taken for the car to stop.

22
Q

What are ABS brakes?

A

Anti-lock Braking System helps drivers keep in control of the car steering when braking hard.

23
Q

What do air bags do?

A

Increases collision time and slows you down more gradually

24
Q

How is thinking distance affected?

A
  • how fast you are going

- how dopey you are

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of using electric cars and solar panels?

A

They are expensive to make and buy and pollution is created by making them.

26
Q

How is braking distance affected?

A
  • How fast you are going
  • How heavily loaded your car is
  • How good your brakes are
  • How good the grip is
27
Q

What different things affects fuel consumption?

A

Heavy cars, Faster driving, Frequent braking and acceleration, road conditions and tyre quality

28
Q

To get a bigger voltage, what 3 things should you increase?

A
  • Strength of magnet
  • Number of turns on coil
  • Speed of movement
29
Q

What is a step up transformer used for?

A

To increase the voltage from the generator to the National Grid.

30
Q

What is a step down transformer used for?

A

To bring the voltage down to safe usable levels for homes.

31
Q

What is Off-peak electricity?

A

Electricity supplied during the night

32
Q

Why is off peak electricity an advantage?

A
  • It is cost effective

- Cheaper

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of off peak electricity?

A
  • There can be an increase in fires because no one is watching
34
Q

How is alpha radiation stopped?

A

With a sheet of paper

35
Q

How is beta radiation stopped?

A

With thin aluminium.

36
Q

How is gamma radiation stopped?

A

With a thick block of lead

37
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power?

A
  • Can make lots of energy without making a lot of CO2
  • Relatively cheap
  • Releases more energy than chemical reactions
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

A
  • Expensive to build and maintain
  • Takes longer to start up
  • Processing uranium before you use it causes pollution
  • Always a risk of leaks of radioactive material
  • Uranium is a non-renewable
39
Q

What is a meteor?

A

Rocks or dust that enters the Earth’s atmosphere.

40
Q

What is a comet?

A

Balls of rock, dust and ice which orbit the Sun in very elongated ellipses.

42
Q

What is a NEO?

A

Asteroids or comets which might be on a collision course

43
Q

what are the advantages of Unmanned Probes?

A
  • They don’t have to carry food, water and oxygen
  • They can withstand conditions that is very dangerous to humans, e.g extreme heat, cold or radiation levels.
  • There is less weight to it so more instruments can fit
  • Cheaper since less is spent on safety
  • No one gets hurt if it crashes
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of Unmanned Probes?

A
  • Unmanned probes can’t think for themselves

- A spacecraft can’t do maintenance and repairs, people can

45
Q

What were the Ancient Greeks’ theory of the structure of the Solar System?

A

The Sun, Moon, planets and stars orbited the Earth. This is also known as the geocentric model

46
Q

What was Copernicus’ theory of the structure of the Solar System?

A

The Earth, stars and other planets orbited the Sun. This is also known as the heliocentric model.

GCSE SCIENCE (6 decks)

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