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mcat > physics 1 > Flashcards

physics 1 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between vectors and scalars?

A

vectors - direction and magnitude

scalars- only magnitude

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2
Q

Is mass a scalar or vector?

A

scalar

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3
Q

Is momentum scalar or vector?

A

vector

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4
Q

When finding the x and y components of vectors, what formula should you use?

A

x-component- Vcos(theta) - use angle based on x-axis

y-component - Vsin(theta)

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5
Q

What is force?

A

Any influence capable of causing a mass to accelerate

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6
Q

What is the law of inertia?

A

objects in motion stay in motion, objects at rest stay at rest

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7
Q

What is mass in terms of inertia?

A

An objects mass is a measure of its inertia

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8
Q

What is the center of mass?

A

a weighted avg. of mass distribution

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9
Q

How do you find the center of mass of multiple objects?

A

Cmass= (r1m1 + r2m2 + r3m3) /mass of total

r- displacement vector between reference pt and each mass

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10
Q

difference between center of gravity and center of buoyancy

A

gravity - middle of mass

buoyancy - center of mass of the fluid displaced by the submerged object

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11
Q

What formula is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

Fnet = ma

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12
Q

What does Newton’s third law state?

A

when one object exerts force on a second object, the second object always exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object

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13
Q

difference between distance and displacement

A

distance - any length of travel
displacement - vector indicating position change from start to end, magnitude of displacement is shortest distance from start to finish

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14
Q

difference between speed and velocity

A

speed - rate of change in distance

velocity - rate of change of displacement

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15
Q

When you see “constant velocity”, what should you think?

A 
no acceleration
no net force 
no change in direction
all forces sum to zero
object is in equilibrium
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16
Q

Acceleration is any change in ___

A

velocity

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17
Q

If a ball is going up, it loses __ m/s of velocity each second

A

10

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18
Q

If a ball is falling, it __ velocity at __ m/s each sec

A

gains 10

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19
Q

How do you find avg velocity?

A

avg. velocity = initial velocity + final velocity/ 2

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20
Q

How do you calculate distance?

A

distance= rate x time

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21
Q

If a projectile has an initial vertical velocity of 30m/s, how long will it be in the air, how high will it go, and what will be its avg velocity during the entire trip?

A

6 seconds in air, 45 m, avg. 15 m/s

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22
Q

What is range?

A

horizontal distance traveled

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23
Q

How do you calculate range?

A

range = velocity in x-direction x time

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24
Q

Formula for calculating intitial or final velocity (assuming that you are throwing an object)?

A

V= square root (2gh) or V= square root (2ax)

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25
Q

greater cross-sectional area= __ air resistance

A

more

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26
Q

increased velocity = ___ air resistance

A

more

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27
Q

What is the formula for the universal law of gravitation?

A

F = Gm1m2/r(squared)

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28
Q

How do you calculate gravitational potential energy?

A

PE= mgh

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29
Q

How do you calculate gravitational potential energy in space, not assuming g=10 m/s?

A

PE = -Gm1m2/r

30
Q

What is the cause of friction on a molecular level? microscopic level?

A

molecular - electron clouds repel each other

microscopic - surfaces collide with each other

31
Q

If there’s sliding it’s ___ friction

A

kinetic

32
Q

If there is no sliding , it’s __ friction

A

static

33
Q

What is the formula for friction force?

A

F= usFn or F= Usmgcos(theta)

34
Q

formula for the force down an inclined plane?

A

F= mgcos(theta)

35
Q

formula for normal force on an inclined plane

A

Fn= mgcos(theta)

36
Q

Formula for the velocity of a particle at the base of an inclined plane

A

V= sq. root(2gh)

37
Q

formula for acceleration down an inclined plane

A

a= mgsin(theta)

38
Q

What is tension?

A

the force in a rope, string, cable

39
Q

What is the tension in a rope being pulled from opposite ends with identical forces of 50 N?

A

50 N

40
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

F= k(delta)x

41
Q

A student hangs a 4kg mass on a spring and it stretches 1 m. What is the spring constant, and how far will the spring stretch if he attaches a 2 kg mass?

A

40 N/m , 1/2 m

42
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The potential energy stored in a compressed spring

PE = (1/2)k(delta)x(sq

43
Q

When is the potential energy of a pendulum at its maximum?

A

at the maximum height of the pendulum

44
Q

When is the minimum potential energy of a pendulum?

A

at the bottom of the arc

45
Q

What is simple harmonic motion?

A

anything that oscillates back and forth, represented by a sin wave graphically

46
Q

frequency is the inverse of a __

A

period

47
Q

What is the formula for the period of a pendulum?

A

T= 2pi(sq root)(L/g)

48
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

D= m/v

49
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

a ratio that describes how dense something is compared to water

50
Q

What is the formula for specific gravity?

A

Density of substance / density of water

51
Q

For objects floating in liquids, the fraction of the object __ = the ratio of the density of the __ to the density of the __

A

submerged, object, liquid

52
Q

What is Archimedes’ principle?

A

If an objected is submerged in fluid, than the amount of fluid displaced is equal to the volume of the object

53
Q

What is the formula for buoyant force?

A

F= pvg (v- volume of fluid displaced, p - density of fluid)

54
Q

How does buoyant force change with depth?

A

It does not change with depth

55
Q

What is the formula for apparent weight?

A

Apparent weight = actual weight - buoyant force

56
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

P= F/A

57
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

the fluid pressure due to the earth’s atmosphere at

58
Q

What is fluid pressure?

A

the force per unit area at some point within a fluid

59
Q

What is gauge pressure?

A

the amount of pressure in excess of the ambient atmospheric pressure

60
Q

What is absolute pressure?

A

actual total pressure of the atmosphere, plus gauge pressure

61
Q

how many pascals equal 1 atm? How many mmHg? How many Torr?

A

1 x 10^5 pascals , 760 mmHg, 760 Torr

62
Q

What is the fluid pressure formula?

A

P= pgh

p= density

63
Q

What is Pascal’s Law?

A

Pressure is transmitted in all directions, undiminished, through a contained, incompressible fluid

64
Q

What is ideal , non-viscous flow?

A

no friction between fluid and walls of pipe or within molecules themselves

65
Q

What is Poiseuille flow?

A

how real, viscous fluids flow

66
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Fluid flows in pipes in concentric sheets, each with different velocities. fastest flow is in center of pipe and slowest at the sides

67
Q

What is turbulence?

A

net flow is in one direction, there are random eddies, changes in direction, changes in velocity

68
Q

What is the formula for flow rate?

A

Q = AV (A- always cross sectional area)

69
Q

cardiac output =

A

stroke volume x heart rate

70
Q

What is Bernoulli’s equation?

A

K= P + pgh + (1/2)pv^2

h- height P- pressure energy

71
Q

If fluid velocity increases, pressure __

A

decreases

72
Q

What are cohesive forces? Adhesive forces?

A

intermolecular forces between the molecules of a liquid, intermolecular forces between molecules of liquid and container

mcat (15 decks)

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