Physical training - key terms

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

The ability to meet, or cope with, the demands of the environment.

Question 3

Agility

Answer 3

The ability to move and change direction quickly, at speed, whilst maintaining control.

Question 4

Balance

Answer 4

maintaining the centre of the mass over the base of support. Balances can be static or dynamic.

Question 5

Cardiovascular endurance

Answer 5

also known as aerobic power. The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles .

Question 6

Coordination

Answer 6

the ability to use two or more different parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently.

Question 7

Fatigue

Answer 7

physical fatigue is a feeling of extreme or severe tiredness due to a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles or working for long periods of time.

Question 8

Flexibility

Answer 8

the range of movement possible at a joint.

Question 9

Muscular endurance

Answer 9

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue

Question 10

Power

Answer 10

The product of strength and speed.

Power = strength x speed

Question 11

Reaction time

Answer 11

the time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus.

Question 12

Dynamic strength

Answer 12

amount of force that can be exerted repeatedly by a muscle. Similar to muscular endurance.

Question 13

Strength

Answer 13

the ability to overcome resistance. There are 4 types.

Question 14

Maximal strength

Answer 14

greatest force that is possible in a single maximum muscular contraction.

Question 15

Static strength

Answer 15

amount of force exerted on an object you can’t move. Body part is held stationary and muscle length stays same.

Question 16

Explosive strength

Answer 16

amount of force exerted in one quick muscle contraction. Closely linked to power. E.g. javelin.

Question 17

Speed

Answer 17

the maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.

Question 18

Principles of training

Answer 18

guidelines that, if applied, ensure that training is effective and results in positive adaptations. Remembered using SPORT

Question 19

Specificity

Answer 19

making training relevant or appropriate to the sport or activity being played or performed, to the movements, muscles and energy systems which are used in that sport or activity.

Question 20

Progressive overload

Answer 20

gradually increasing the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, without the potential for injury. Overload involves gradually increasing the stress placed on the body during training.

Question 21

Reversibility

Answer 21

fitness levels are lost when you stop exercising.

Question 22

Tedium

Answer 22

the boredom that can occur when training in the same way every time. Variety is needed in a training programme.

Question 23

FITT principle

Answer 23

used to increase the amount of work the body does, to increase overload. Stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type.

Question 24

Training thresholds

Answer 24

the upper and lower boundaries of the aerobic training zone and anaerobic training zone.

Question 25

Aerobic training zone

Answer 25

training in aerobic zone allows performer to develop ability to work aerobically. 60%-80% MHR.

Question 26

Anaerobic training zone

Answer 26

training in anaerobic zone allows performer to develop ability to work anaerobically. 80%-90% MHR.

Question 27

Repetitions (reps)

Answer 27

the number of times an individual activity is performed.

Question 28

Sets

Answer 28

a group of repetitions