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Flashcards > Physical Science Test 2 > Flashcards

Physical Science Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the life cycle of a star

A

drawing

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2
Q

nebula

A

gravity begins to pull gases and dust together, temperature remains fairly cold, no fusion yet.

a large cloud of gas and dust spread out over a large volume of space
Ex. Eagle Nevula pillars of creation

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3
Q

protostar

A

some heat produced, no fusion, gases and dust become more dense especially at center

a contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to form a star

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4
Q

main sequence star

A

fusion force outward matches gravity inward(equilibrium), sizes and colors of stars vary, 90% of stars are in this stage

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5
Q

red giant and giant

A

gravity overcomes fusion and compresses the star, to relieve the heat and pressure, the star expands and star cools, light produced is now more dim

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6
Q

supernova

A

fusion slows down gravity is winning, star collapses, heat build up causes explosion

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7
Q

planetary nebula

A

gravity continues to win but outer gases leave, core remains, fusion can cause other elements

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8
Q

white dwarf

A

may have companion star. Can steal hydrogen from companion but takes in too fast causing supernova

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9
Q

black dwarf

A

all fusion has ended

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10
Q

neutron star

A

mostly neutrons remain after an explosion, some fusion with helium wich causes pulsating light

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11
Q

black hole

A

remaining core is so dense that supergravity doesn’t let light escape

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12
Q

what percent of stars are white dwarfs

A

10%

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13
Q

what percent of stars are giants or supergiants

A

1%

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14
Q

when is a star formed?

A

when a contracting cloud of gas and dust becomes so dense and hot that nuclear fusion begins

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15
Q

how is a main sequence star in equilibrium

A

when it’s outward thermal pressure from fusion and gravity’s inward pull are equal or balancing itself out

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16
Q

list 3 characteristics of a large, young star

A
  1. large core
  2. huge amount of energy
  3. strong gravity
  4. bluelish color
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17
Q

why do large stars not last as long as small stars

A

they use their energy more quickly because they’re so bright, causing them to run out fuel more quickly.

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18
Q

what causes a star to begin dying

A

it runs out of fuel

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19
Q

how is iron made in high mass stars

A

when it evolves from hydrogen fusion to fusion of other elements

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20
Q

How did Giovanni Baptista Riccioli discover about Mizar and Alcor

A

he discovered that they are a binary star system

21
Q

what is a binary star

A

a star system with two stars

22
Q

if one star of a binary star system is dim how do we know its there

A

by the motion of the other star

23
Q

what is an eclipsing binary

A

one star passes in front of the other

24
Q

what are two differences between an open cluster and a globular cluster

A

open- disorganized

globular- large group of older star

25
Q

galaxy

A

a huge group of individual stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound by gravity

26
Q

what is a spiral galaxy

A

bulge of stars at center, with arms

27
Q

barred spiral galaxy

A

bulge of stars with arms extended from a bar

28
Q

elliptical galaxy

A

spherical or oval with no arms

29
Q

irregular galaxy

A

disorganized appearance

30
Q

how many stars are estimated to be in the milky way galaxy

A

200 to 400 billion star

31
Q

how long does it take the sun to rotate around our galaxies center

A

220 million years

32
Q

Read over highlighted terms in “Two Exiled Stars are Leaving Our Galaxy Forever”

A

read

33
Q

photosphere

A

the thin, intermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere

34
Q

corona

A

the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere

35
Q

prominences

A

huge loops of gas that erupt from sunspot regions and extend upward from the phtotsphere into the chromosphere and sometimes to the corona

36
Q

solar flares

A

a dramatic eruption on the sun’s surface

37
Q

light year

A

the distance that light travels in a vaccum in a year

38
Q

apparent brightness

A

the brightness of a star as it appears from Earth

39
Q

absolute brightness

A

a description of how bright a star really is

40
Q

hypervelocity stars

A

zoom around the center of the Milky Way

41
Q

Magnetar

A

type of neutron star with powerful magnetic field

42
Q

galaxy mergers

A

occur when 2 galaxies collide

43
Q

Georges Lemaitre

A

Roman Catholic Priest, Father of the Big Bang Theory

44
Q

Fred Hoyle

A

Goes against the Big Bang Theory, believes in Steady State universe- doesn’t expand or contract. Aliens came to Earth and seeded life

45
Q

Stephen Hawking

A

Doesn’t believe in a god. Studied black holes, they burp and shoot out Hawking radiation. Has disease AOS.

46
Q

whats uniformitarianism

A

the belief that all the laws and rules of nature have been the same from the beginning of time and will stay the same to the end of time

47
Q

Draw out the Nebular theory

A

drawing

48
Q

Describe the nebular theory

A
  1. the solar nebula is formed from material expelled from pervious stars
  2. A shock wave caused the nebula to collapse
  3. As it rotated faster, it flattened out, creating a protoplanetary disk.
  4. the majority of the mass became focused at the center. The temp. increased
  5. Nuclear reactions began to fuse hydrogen and helium
  6. Dust collected into planetestimals by accention
  7. They grew and began to exert a gravitational pull
  8. They grew until they created moon sized protoplanets
  9. The planets joined to form our curret planets by colliding

Flashcards (10 decks)

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