Physical properties and trends

Question 1

What is the difference between INTER and INTRA molecular bonding?

Answer 1

Intra: connects each molecule (O-H-O), connects (polar or non-polar)
Inter: connects each compound (H2O-H2O), determines the properties of the compound

Question 2

What are the 3 main types of intermolecular interactions in order of weakest to strongest?

Answer 2

1. Intermolecular forces (Relative - Low M.P and B.P)
2. Dipole-dipole bonding
3. Hydrogen bonding

Question 3

If a molecule is larger, meaning more reactions can occur, what does that mean for its bonding strength?

Answer 3

Its strong

Question 4

Describe dipole-dipole bonding

Answer 4

Partially neg side is attracted to the partially pos side of another compound

Question 5

What elements does hydrogen bond with in hydrogen bonding?

Answer 5

N, O, F

Question 6

What effect does more bonds have on energy?

Answer 6

Mor energy is needed to break them

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: The heat required to break a bond reflects the strength of the intermolecular forces

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

How does surface area effect melting and boiling point?

Answer 8

If a has a larger surface area, it has a higher M.P and B.P

Question 9

What are the 3 factors effecting a substances solubility?

Answer 9

1. Type of bonding
2. Size
3. Shape

Question 10

(1) Are branched molecules soluble? (2) Explain why

Answer 10

1. Yes
2. Decrease surface area means that intermolecular forces are weak

Question 11

Are alcohols soluble in water, considering they’re polar and have hydrogen bonds?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

How does size effect solubility?

Answer 12

The larger the molecule/chain, the less soluble it becomes

Question 13

Are aldehydes and ketones soluble in water?

Answer 13

Yes, because of the hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

Answer 14

Yes, because of the hydrogen bonds

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: Halides (halogens) are soluble in water

Answer 15

FALSE: They have dipole-dipole interactions

Question 16

Define Volatile

Answer 16

Substances that can easily vaporize

Question 17

Define Vapor pressure

Answer 17

The pressure exerted by the vapor at equilibrium

Question 18

How does weaker intermolecular bonds affect volatility?

Answer 18

They are more volatile and have exert pressure

Question 19

Are hydrocarbons polar or non polar?

Answer 19

Non-polar

Question 20

What effects does hydrogen bonds have on volatility?

Answer 20

Not very volatile because of the hydroxyl group

Question 21

What interaction do ketones have, and what is there polarity?

Answer 21

Dipole-dipole and polar

Question 22

What about carboxcylic acids make them strong?

Answer 22

Their diamond structure and hydrogen/ dipole-dipole structure

Question 23

What polarity are Halides? What types of interactions do they have?

Answer 23

Polar covalent bond
Dipole-dipole