Organic reactions and reaction pathways Flashcards
Define hydroxyl group
A combination of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom
How do addition reactions work?
The double bonds in the alkene are broken to form a single bond when the new compound can bond. This will determine the name, eg. fluorine gas + propene = 1,2 difluoro propane
What 2 functional groups produce an Ester?
Alcohol and Carboxylic acid through condensation reaction
What are the different types of alcohols?
Primary (bonded to 1 carbon, Secondary (bonded to 2 carbons), Tertiary (bonded to 3 carbons)
What are the main types of alkane reaction types?
Substitution, Elimination, Combustion reactions
What are the main types of alkene reactions?
Addition
What can a carboxylic acid donate from its hydroxyl group?
H+ because its an acid
What does a carboxylic acid and amine form, and what kind of reaction is required?
Amide, condensation reaction
What does a condensation reaction require?
Sulfuric acid catalysts
What does a hydrolysis reaction require?
Water, dilute acid, heat
What does esterification mean?
Condensation reaction
What do nitriles react with to form a primary amine?
Hydrogen gas, catalyst is required for reaction (Ni or Pt)
What does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
Aldehydes, then carboxylic acids
What does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?
Ketone
What does the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol produce?
Tertiary alcohols cant undergo oxidation due to no O-H bonds able to be broken
What is the product of a ethanol and butanoic acid reaction?
Ethyl Butanoate and Water (H2o)
What is the product of a methylnol and butanoic reaction?
Methybutanoate + water
What is the reverse condensation reaction called?
Hydrolysis
What is the structural difference between alkanes and alkenes
Alkanes have a single bond to carbon, whereas alkenes have a double bond
What kind of reaction is require to form an amine from a haloalkane?
Substitution reaction
What method can be used to observe different alcohols?
Colour change test, tertiary alcohol wont change colour
What reaction do alcohols mainly use?
Oxidation reaction
What type of reaction would occur to produce propan-2-ol from propene?
Addition (break the double bond), using heat, H+, H2o
Why can amines accept protons?
Because they act as a base
