Organic reactions and reaction pathways Flashcards
Define hydroxyl group
A combination of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom
How do addition reactions work?
The double bonds in the alkene are broken to form a single bond when the new compound can bond. This will determine the name, eg. fluorine gas + propene = 1,2 difluoro propane
What 2 functional groups produce an Ester?
Alcohol and Carboxylic acid through condensation reaction
What are the different types of alcohols?
Primary (bonded to 1 carbon, Secondary (bonded to 2 carbons), Tertiary (bonded to 3 carbons)
What are the main types of alkane reaction types?
Substitution, Elimination, Combustion reactions
What are the main types of alkene reactions?
Addition
What can a carboxylic acid donate from its hydroxyl group?
H+ because its an acid
What does a carboxylic acid and amine form, and what kind of reaction is required?
Amide, condensation reaction
What does a condensation reaction require?
Sulfuric acid catalysts
What does a hydrolysis reaction require?
Water, dilute acid, heat
What does esterification mean?
Condensation reaction
What do nitriles react with to form a primary amine?
Hydrogen gas, catalyst is required for reaction (Ni or Pt)
What does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
Aldehydes, then carboxylic acids
What does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?
Ketone
What does the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol produce?
Tertiary alcohols cant undergo oxidation due to no O-H bonds able to be broken