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respiratory physio > physical principles of gas exchange > Flashcards

physical principles of gas exchange Flashcards

1
Q

air is composed of

A

79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen

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2
Q

total pressure of air mixture -

A

760 mmHg

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3
Q

1 atm

A

760

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4
Q

nitrogen partial pressure is

A

79% of 760= 600

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5
Q

oxygen partial pressure is

A

21% of 760 = 160

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6
Q

henrys law

A

the solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on temp, the nature of the solvent, and the nature of the gas.

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7
Q

the colder, the ___ gas is dissolved

A

more

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8
Q

gas is ____ soluble at high temps

A

less

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9
Q

gas is ___ soluble at low temps

A

more

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10
Q

net diffusion of gases is determined by

A

differences in partial pressures

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11
Q

if pp of gas in alveoli > blood,

A

gas moves into blood

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12
Q

if pp of gas in blood > alveoli,

A

gas moves into alveoli

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13
Q

vapor pressure is ___ mmHg when gas mixture is fully humidified at 37degrees

A

47

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14
Q

factors that affect gas diffusion rates

A

pressure, gas solubility, distance, molecular weight, temp

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15
Q

diffusion coefficient is dependent on

A

solubility and molecular weight

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16
Q

if a gas is highly soluble, it has a ___ diffusion coefficient

A

high. direct relationship

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17
Q

if a gas is less soluble, it has a ___ diffusion coefficient

A

low

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18
Q

heavier gases move

A

more slowly

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19
Q

D is ____ to the square root of the gas’ molecular weight

A

inversely proportional

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20
Q

rate of gas movement into tissues is limited by diffusion rate of gas through

A

tissue water

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21
Q

alveolar air is ___ replaced by atmospheric air during each breath

A

partially. protects you and acts as a buffer from sudden changes.

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22
Q

each breath replaces ___ of FRC

A

1/7th

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23
Q

normal alveolar ventilation removes 1/2 of gas in ___ seconds

A

17

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24
Q

half normal ventilation removes 1/2 of gas in __ seconds

A

34

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25
Q

twice normal removes half of gas in

A

8 seconds

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26
Q

normal alveolar PO2 is ___ mmHg

A

100

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27
Q

how much o2 do you need to consume at rest a minute

A

250ml

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28
Q

normal alveolar PCO2 Is ___ mmHg

A

40

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29
Q

alveolar PCO2 ___ in proportion to CO2 excretion

A

increases

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30
Q

PCO2 ___ in inverse to alveolar ventilation

A

decreases

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31
Q

alveolar air is expired at

A

end of exhalation

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32
Q

overall thickness @ ___ mm

A

.6

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33
Q

total surface area

A

70 sq meteres

34
Q

RBC squeeze through __ mm diameter capillaries

A

5

35
Q

ficks law tells you about

A

diffusion of gas thru a tissue membrane

36
Q

if the resp membrane is thicker, the rate of diffusion will be ____

A

slower

37
Q

increasing thickness by ___ times interferes significantly with normal resp exchange

A

2-3

38
Q

decreasing surface area ____ gas exchange

A

decreases

39
Q

decreasing by ___ normal impedes gas exchange significantly

A

1/4

40
Q

emphysema

A

dissolution of many alveolar walls to collapse alveoli into larger chambers. (surface area decreased as much as 5-fold)

41
Q

oxygen diffusion compared to nitrogen

A

o2 is twice as fast

42
Q

CO2 diffusion compared to oxygen

A

co2 is 20 times faster

43
Q

CO2 diffusion compared to oxygen

A

co2 is 20 times faster

44
Q

diffusing capacity definition

A

the volume of a gas that will diffuse through the resp membrane each minute for a pressure diff of 1 mmHg

45
Q

the pressure difference multiplied by the diffusing capacity =

A

the total quantity of O2

diffusing across the membrane per minute

46
Q

with exercise diffusing capacity increases three fold to max at

A

65

47
Q

during exercise the lung is in zone

A

3

48
Q

diffusing capacity of CO2 at rest

A

400

49
Q

diffusing capacity of CO2 during exercise

A

1200

50
Q

the more soluble in water,

A

the faster diffusion

51
Q

which gas is the least soluble

A

nitrogen

52
Q

pressure difference affects gas diffusion how

A

difference in partial pressures of gas in alveoli and pulmonary blood

53
Q

CO2 is highly

A

soluble. diffuses rapidly thru resp membrane

54
Q

if v/q ratio is either zero or infinity

A

there is no exchange of gases

55
Q

if ventilation is present but no perfusion then v/q =

A

infinity

56
Q

if ventilation = zero but perfusion is present, the v/q is

A

zero (complete airway obstruction) like mucus plug

57
Q

if v/q is zero, alveolar concentration will equal

A

venous blood. air in alveoli reaches equilibrium with deoxygenated blood returning to lungs in pulm arteries

58
Q

in normal deoxygenated blood the PO2 is

A

40

59
Q

in normal deoxygenated blood the PCO2 is

A

45

60
Q

when v/q equals infinity, the alveolar air..

A

becomes equal with humidified inspired air. no loss of oxygen into blood. no gain of co2 from blood

61
Q

when v/q equals infinity, P02 is

A

150

62
Q

when v/q equals infinity, pco@

A

0

63
Q

normal alveolar po2

A

100

64
Q

normal alveolar pco2

A

40

65
Q

pulm embolus

A

infinity

66
Q

if v/q is below normal

A

perfusion but no ventilation. blood is being shunted from PA to pulm vein without participating in gas exchange

67
Q

the greater the shunt, the greater the amount of blood that

A

fails to be oxygenated in lungs

68
Q

dead space

A

vent but no perfusion. ventilation to alveoli is good but blood flow is low

69
Q

physiologic dead space includes

A

wasted ventilation, anatomical dead space

70
Q

v/q ration greater than normal

A

dead space. PE and what else?

71
Q

the more rapidly o2 is absorbed, the ____ its concentration in the alveoli becomes,

A

lower

72
Q

the more rapidly new o2 is breathed into the alveoli from the atmosphere, the ___ the concentration becomes

A

higher

73
Q

the greater the physiologic shunt, the greater the

A

amount of blood that fails to be oxygenated as it passes thru the lungs

74
Q

ficks law

A

(a x pp x d) / thickness

75
Q

diffusion coefficient depends on

A

solubility + .. and weight -

76
Q

normal CO2 production at rest

A

200ml/min

77
Q

PO2 100 when leaving pulm but LA blood is ___ because of?

A

95 because of bronchial circulation blood.

78
Q

why is pp of o2 in upper airway 150

A

water vapor.. 713 + 47

79
Q

frc is roughly

A

2500ml

80
Q

___ ml air per breah

A

330

81
Q

during exercise, dead space is ___

A

reduced

respiratory physio (12 decks)

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