PHYSICAL MILESTONES AND FAILURE TO THRIVE

Question 1

what are the 4 areas of development?

Answer 1

gross motor
fine motor and vision
hearing, speech and language
social skills and behaviour

Question 2

how do children develop their gross motor skills?

Answer 2

from head to toe - can hold their head up first, then sit up, then crawl, then walk

Question 3

how many children can walk by 12 months? 15? when is considered delayed?

Answer 3

50% by 12 months, 90% by 14-15 months and is considered delayed at 18 months

Question 4

what are examples of fine motor skills?

Answer 4

grabbing objects and transferring them from hand to hand

Question 5

what’s the difference between speech and language?

Answer 5

speech is making sounds whilst language is about the content and organisation of the speech

Question 6

what are examples of social skills of a baby?

Answer 6

smiling, waving, stranger danger, pointing

Question 7

what are some developmental red flags?

Answer 7

regression, not fixing and following by 2-3 months, not responding to noise, no smile at 8 weeks, not holding objects at 3 months, not supporting head well by 3 months, not walking by 18 months, persistent toe walking

Question 8

what are the 4 phases of growth?

Answer 8

foetal growth
growth in infancy
pre-pubertal growth
pubertal growth

Question 9

how does baby’s weight change in the first 2 weeks of life?

Answer 9

in week 1, babies lose up to 10% of their birth weight but its expected that they would regain this weight by 2 weeks (3 is preterm)

Question 10

how soon should babies have doubled their birthweight?

Answer 10

5/12

Question 11

what is failure to thrive?

Answer 11

a description of suboptimal weight gain in infants and toddlers

Question 12

how can you tell if a child is failing to thrive?

Answer 12

if they fall 2 centiles below expected

Question 13

what are possible causes for failure to thrive?

Answer 13

inadequate intake, inadequate retention, malabsorption, failure to utilise nutrients, increased requirements e.g. chronic infections

Question 14

what’s the difference between organic and non-organic failure to thrive?

Answer 14

Organic failure to thrive occurs when there is an underlying medical cause. Non organic (psycho social) failure to thrive occurs in a child who is usually younger than 2 years old and has no known medical condition that causes poor growth.

Question 15

how does weight gain vary between behaviour and genetic conditions?

Answer 15

if short and overweight its most likely genetic or endocrine caused but if tall and overweight its more likely that its caused by behaviours

Question 16

what chronic diseases can cause failure to thrive?

Answer 16

chronic kidney disease
congenital HIV
TB
parasites
chronic heart disease
chronic respiratory disease