CONGENITAL DEFECTS AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC BASIS Flashcards
what are congenital defects?
any structural or functional abnormality identified at any age which began before birth or the cause of which was present before birth
what are some causes for congenital abnormalities?
unknown
socioeconomic factors e.g. inadequate access to antenatal care, consanguinity, infections, poor maternal nutrition, environment factors like meds or pesticides
what is talipes?
club foot
what is amniotic band syndrome?
hen fibrous bands of the amniotic sac get tangled around a developing fetus.
what is the Poland anomaly syndrome?
a disorder in which affected individuals are born with missing/underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body, resulting in abnormalities that can affect the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand.
what is potters syndrome?
true kidneys dont develop properly so not sufficient foetal urine production = oligohydramnios = mechanical squashing
what is Pierre robin sequence?
a rare congenital birth defect characterized by an underdeveloped jaw, backward displacement of the tongue and upper airway obstruction.
what is spina bifida?
a neural tube defect where a baby’s spine and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine.
what is a meningocele?
a birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column. The sac includes spinal fluid, but does not contain neural tissue.
what is myelomeningocele?
a birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column that contains neural tissue. (most serious form of spina bifida)
what is the most common cause of spina bifida?
a combination of genetic, nutritional and environmental risk factors, such as a family history of neural tube defects and folate (vitamin B-9) deficiency
what are some examples of teratogenic viruses?
cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes simplex, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and varicella viruses.
