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Geography > Physical Landscapes Of The Uk > Flashcards

Physical Landscapes Of The Uk Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

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2
Q

What is a watershed?

A

The edge of a river basin

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3
Q

What is a river mouth?

A

The end of a river, usually where it joins the sea

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4
Q

What 3 courses are in a rivers long profile?

A

Upper course -> Middle course -> Lower course

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5
Q

Name 2 characteristics of a v shaped valley’s valley.

A

Steep sided
V-shaped

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6
Q

Name 3 characteristics of a v-shaped valley’s river.

A

Narrow
Shallow
Turbulent

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7
Q

What does a long profile show?

A

How the gradient of a river changes downstream

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8
Q

What is a cross profile?

A

A cross section of a river valley.

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9
Q

What happens as tributaries add more water + energy to the river?

A

It erodes the channel, therefore making it wider and deeper

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10
Q

What 3 things can make the sides of a valley less steep?

A

Weathering
Mass movement
Channel erosion

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11
Q

What are the two types of erosion?

A

Vertical (⬇️)
Lateral (↔️)

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12
Q

What are the 4 processes of river erosion? HAAS

A

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

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13
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

The force of water hitting the river bed and banks. Most effective when water is moving fast and at high volume.

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14
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The load carried by the river hits the bed or banks, dislodging particles.

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15
Q

What is attrition?

A

Stones carried by the river knock against each other, making them smaller and more rounded eventually.

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16
Q

What is solution?

A

Alkaline rocks, like limestone, are dissolved by the slightly acidic river water.

17
Q

What are the four main types of river transportation? SSTS

A

Solution
Suspension
Traction
Saltation

18
Q

What is solution? (processes of river transportations)

A

A dissolved load

19
Q

What is suspension? (processes of river transportation)

A

Small sediment held in the river

20
Q

What is traction? (processes of river transportation)

A

Large particles rolled on the riverbed.

21
Q

What is saltation? (processes of river transportation)

A

The bouncing of particles too heaven to be suspended.

22
Q

Where does most deposition happen and why?

A

The rivers mouth because there is less velocity there.

23
Q

What do vertical and lateral erosion combine to change?

A

A rivers channel and the valley downstream.

24
Q

What are the 3 river erosion landforms?

A

Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls
Gorges

25
Q

How are interlocking spurs created?

A

A mountain stream erodes verticals creating a v-shaped valley, which winds around areas of resistant rock to create interlocking spurs

26
Q

What is a knick point?

A

Where sea levels drop cousins a river to cut down into its bed creating a step.

27
Q

Water forms can also form: (2 points)

A

•When sea level drops causing a river to cut down into its bed creating a step (a knick point)
•In glacial hanging valleys

28
Q

What is a gorge?

A

A narrow, steep-sided valley found downstream of a retreating waterfall.

29
Q

What are 2 ways that gorges form?

A

•At the end of the last glacial period masses of water from melting glaciers poured off upland areas (like cheddar gorge)
•on limestone when large underground carvery’s can accommodate an entire river

30
Q

True or false: “each stage of a rivers course has distinctive landforms”

A

True: each stage of a rivers course DOES have distinctive landforms.

31
Q

What is a meander?

A

Bends in a river found mainly in lowland areas which constantly change shape and position.

32
Q

How are Ox Bow lakes formed?

A

When meanders migrate across the valley floor they erode towards each other, which forms and ox bow lake.

33
Q

What are floodplains?

A

Wide flat areas on either side of a river in its middle and lower courses

34
Q

How are floodplains created?

A

By migrating meanders and flood depositing layers of silt to form alluvium

35
Q

How do levees form and rise?

A

When in low flow, deposition raises the river bed so the channel can’t carry as much water. As velocity decreases, coarser sediment is deposited first on the banks, then diner sediment, raising the height of the levees.

36
Q

Define an esturary.

A

Where the river meets the sea.

37
Q

What 3 things are estuaries affected by?

A

Tides
Wave action
River processes

38
Q

What do meanders and ox bow lakes form due to?

A

Erosion and deposition.

Geography (4 decks)

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