Physical Health Flashcards
provide the rigid skeleton that constitutes the internal framework the body needs to stand
Bones
where two bones come together
Joint
tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of the bones
Cartilage
connective tissue that binds bone to bone
Ligament
connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
moves all bones and controls facial expressions and eye movements
Striated Muscle (Skeletal Muscle)
lines the walls of the internal organs
Smooth Muscle (Visceral Muscle)
combination of both striated and smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
homeostasis
nerves inside the brain and spinal cord that send signals to other parts of the body
Central Nervous System
All nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Carry blood away from heart to body tissues
Arteries
Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
Veins
glands located in the mouth that produce saliva
salivary glands
organ that metabolizes large nutrients, produces bile, and detoxify the body
liver
organ that stores bile that is used to digest fats
gallbladder
organ that secretes hormones that aid digestion and produces insulin
pancreas
bean-shaped organs located in abdominal cavity on either side of the spine that are responsible for producing urine
kidneys
a tube attached to kidneys through which urine passes from kidneys to bladder
ureter
organs that stores urine until full
bladder
a tube connected to the bladder through which urine expelled from the body
urethra
a triangular area in which the fetus develops during pregnancy
uterus
a set of lips that surrounds and protect the vagina
labia
a collapsible tube that connects uterus and cervix to the outside of the body
vagina
a small organ composed of erectile tissue, similar to the penis
clitoris
male organ that produces sperm
testicle
sac that encloses testes on the outside of the body
scrotum
gland that helps make semen
prostate
carries sperm up into the pelvic region
vas deferens
made of erectile tissue similar to the clitoris
penis
covers and protects parts of the body
integumentary system
produces, nourishes, and transports either the egg or the sperm
delete later
produces hormones to keep body in state of homeostatis
defends body from and destroys foreign invaders that cause sickness
immune system
one-celled germs that multiply quickly
bacteria
tiny capsules that contain genetic material
viruses
primitive plant-like organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, and yeasts
fungi
animals or plants that survive by living on or in other things
parasites
are infections of the nose and throat caused by more than 200 different viruses
Common Cold
caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs
Influenza (Flu)
The virus is spread through saliva, typically through contact with an infected person’s saliva during kissing, sharing utensils, or drinking from the same cup.
Mononucleosis (Mono)
the inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
is a bacterium that causes infections in the body. It is difficult to treat because it’s resistant to some commonly used antibiotics
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
Infection caused by a contagious virus called herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Cold Sores
Tiny parasites that feed on blood from the human scalp; may live in clothing and bedding
Lice
Infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus; Uncomfortable, itchy rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters and, eventually, into scabs
Chicken pox
Blotchy, red rash that starts at the head and moves to whole body
Measles
Bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite people can get through sexual contact
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
the inflammation in the liver generally caused by an infection
Hepatitis
most common type of heart disease in the U.S and the first sign is a heart attack
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Also known as a mini-stroke, it occurs when part of the brain experiences a temporary lack of blood flow. Unlike other types of strokes, it does not cause permanent disabilities.
Transient Ischemic Attack
When a blood vessel in the brain bursts
Hemorrhagic stroke
When the blood supply to the brain is blocked
Ischemic Stroke
process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body
metastasis
chronic respiratory condition that intermittently inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs
Asthma
This condition affects the brain and nervous system, causing violent muscle spasms and possible loss of consciousness. It is caused by anything that affects the brain circuit activity, such as head trauma
Epilepsy
It is caused by either a lack of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin efficiently
Type 2 diabetes
does not make any insulin
type 1 diabetes
This disease is caused by an overgrowth of abnormal cells. Risk factors include diet, obesity, exposure to sunlight and chemicals, and tobacco use or exposure
Cancer
is the ability of the joints to move through their full range of motion
flexibility
used in physical fitness that involves measuring the percentage of fat, muscle, water, and bone found in the human body
Body composition
defined as the ability of a group of muscles to do something repeatedly without getting tired
muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle group to perform a specific activity one time
muscular strength
the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Activities include such things as running, swimming, and dancing
cardiorespiratory fitness
the number of days that you engage in physical activity
Frequency
the amount of workload (resistance) of the activity (how hard you exercise)
Intensity
the duration of the activity measured in seconds, minutes, and hours. It may also be specified as the number of sets and repetitions
Time
the type of activity in which you engage, such as swimming, walking, resistance training, or stretching
Type
how to calculate maximum heart rate (MHR)
220-age = MHR
percent MHR range for moderate intensity
50–70%
percent MHR range for vigorous intensity
70-85%
the automatic process the body uses to remain internally stable while adjusting to conditions
Homeostasis
Internal 24-hour cycle that helps the body regulate activities, like sleep
circadian rhythm
characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids; Period when most dreaming occurs
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Short period between wakefulness and sleep
Stage 1 sleep
Deep, non-REM sleep that occurs in longer periods during the first half of the night
Stage 3 sleep
Period of light sleep as the body prepares for deeper sleep
Stage 2 sleep
Red bumps near a previous cut that are swollen, painful, warm to touch, and full of puss
MRSA
