Physical Health Flashcards by Dani Marco

provide the rigid skeleton that constitutes the internal framework the body needs to stand

Bones

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where two bones come together

Joint

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tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of the bones

Cartilage

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connective tissue that binds bone to bone

Ligament

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connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Tendon

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moves all bones and controls facial expressions and eye movements

Striated Muscle (Skeletal Muscle)

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lines the walls of the internal organs

Smooth Muscle (Visceral Muscle)

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combination of both striated and smooth muscle

Cardiac Muscle

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a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

homeostasis

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nerves inside the brain and spinal cord that send signals to other parts of the body

Central Nervous System

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All nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

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Carry blood away from heart to body tissues

Arteries

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Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

Veins

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glands located in the mouth that produce saliva

salivary glands

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organ that metabolizes large nutrients, produces bile, and detoxify the body

liver

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organ that stores bile that is used to digest fats

gallbladder

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organ that secretes hormones that aid digestion and produces insulin

pancreas

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bean-shaped organs located in abdominal cavity on either side of the spine that are responsible for producing urine

kidneys

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a tube attached to kidneys through which urine passes from kidneys to bladder

ureter

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organs that stores urine until full

bladder

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a tube connected to the bladder through which urine expelled from the body

urethra

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a triangular area in which the fetus develops during pregnancy

uterus

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a set of lips that surrounds and protect the vagina

labia

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a collapsible tube that connects uterus and cervix to the outside of the body

vagina

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a small organ composed of erectile tissue, similar to the penis

clitoris

male organ that produces sperm

testicle

sac that encloses testes on the outside of the body

scrotum

gland that helps make semen

prostate

carries sperm up into the pelvic region

vas deferens

made of erectile tissue similar to the clitoris

penis

covers and protects parts of the body

integumentary system

produces, nourishes, and transports either the egg or the sperm | delete later

produces hormones to keep body in state of homeostatis

defends body from and destroys foreign invaders that cause sickness

immune system

one-celled germs that multiply quickly

bacteria

tiny capsules that contain genetic material

viruses

primitive plant-like organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, and yeasts

fungi

animals or plants that survive by living on or in other things

parasites

are infections of the nose and throat caused by more than 200 different viruses

Common Cold

caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs

Influenza (Flu)

The virus is spread through saliva, typically through contact with an infected person's saliva during kissing, sharing utensils, or drinking from the same cup.

Mononucleosis (Mono)

the inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Meningitis

is a bacterium that causes infections in the body. It is difficult to treat because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Infection caused by a contagious virus called herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Cold Sores

Tiny parasites that feed on blood from the human scalp; may live in clothing and bedding

Lice

Infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus; Uncomfortable, itchy rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters and, eventually, into scabs

Chicken pox

Blotchy, red rash that starts at the head and moves to whole body

Measles

Bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite people can get through sexual contact

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

the inflammation in the liver generally caused by an infection

Hepatitis

most common type of heart disease in the U.S and the first sign is a heart attack

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Also known as a mini-stroke, it occurs when part of the brain experiences a temporary lack of blood flow. Unlike other types of strokes, it does not cause permanent disabilities.

Transient Ischemic Attack

When a blood vessel in the brain bursts

Hemorrhagic stroke

When the blood supply to the brain is blocked

Ischemic Stroke

process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body

metastasis

chronic respiratory condition that intermittently inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs

Asthma

This condition affects the brain and nervous system, causing violent muscle spasms and possible loss of consciousness. It is caused by anything that affects the brain circuit activity, such as head trauma

Epilepsy

It is caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently

Type 2 diabetes

does not make any insulin

type 1 diabetes

This disease is caused by an overgrowth of abnormal cells. Risk factors include diet, obesity, exposure to sunlight and chemicals, and tobacco use or exposure

Cancer

is the ability of the joints to move through their full range of motion

flexibility

used in physical fitness that involves measuring the percentage of fat, muscle, water, and bone found in the human body

Body composition

defined as the ability of a group of muscles to do something repeatedly without getting tired

muscular endurance

the ability of a muscle group to perform a specific activity one time

muscular strength

the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Activities include such things as running, swimming, and dancing

cardiorespiratory fitness

the number of days that you engage in physical activity

Frequency

the amount of workload (resistance) of the activity (how hard you exercise)

Intensity

the duration of the activity measured in seconds, minutes, and hours. It may also be specified as the number of sets and repetitions

Time

the type of activity in which you engage, such as swimming, walking, resistance training, or stretching

Type

how to calculate maximum heart rate (MHR)

220-age = MHR

percent MHR range for moderate intensity

50–70%

percent MHR range for vigorous intensity

70-85%

the automatic process the body uses to remain internally stable while adjusting to conditions

Homeostasis

Internal 24-hour cycle that helps the body regulate activities, like sleep

circadian rhythm

characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids; Period when most dreaming occurs

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Short period between wakefulness and sleep

Stage 1 sleep

Deep, non-REM sleep that occurs in longer periods during the first half of the night

Stage 3 sleep

Period of light sleep as the body prepares for deeper sleep

Stage 2 sleep

Red bumps near a previous cut that are swollen, painful, warm to touch, and full of puss

MRSA