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Geography 2410 > Physical Geography > Flashcards

Physical Geography Flashcards

0
Q

Location

A

absolute and relative

Tells “where”

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1
Q

5 themes of geography

A 
Location 
Regions 
Human-earth relationship 
Place
Movement
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2
Q

Regions

A 
Finite vs. Relative
Areas have uniform characteristics
Formal Regions (finite boundaries; states, cities) vs. Functional Regions (no finite boundaries)
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3
Q

Human-earth relationship

A

How humans alter the environment

We affect the earth by using resources

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4
Q

Place

A

Tangible and intangible living and nonliving characteristics that make each place unique

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5
Q

Movement

A

Communication, movement, circulation. migration, and diffusion across earth’s surface.
May impact entire planet.

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6
Q

Two paths of geographic study

A

Physical and cultural

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7
Q

Foundation of the scientific method

A

Observation

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8
Q

Equilibrium

A

Earth seeks equilibrium.

Earth is an open system in terms of energy (generally considered a closed system)

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9
Q

What has prompted human expansion?

A

The physical condition of earth has prompted human expansion

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10
Q

Four spheres of earth

A

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

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11
Q

Atmosphere

A

Solar energy, seasons, air circulation

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12
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water, oceans

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13
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earth we walk on; land

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14
Q

Biosphere

A

People, life

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15
Q

Pythagoras

A

Predicted earth is round - 500BC

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16
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Calculated size of earth 250 BC

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17
Q

How do you define a place?

A

Earth’s imaginary grid system defines place through finite location

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18
Q

Longitude

A

Meridian, prime meridian, international date lines

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19
Q

Latitude

A

Parallels, equator

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20
Q

Latitudinal geographic zones

A 
Arctic
Subarctic
Midlatitudinal
Subtropical
Equatorial and tropical
Subtropical
Midlatitudinal
Subantarctic
Antarctic
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21
Q

Stuff you should know about longitude/latitude

A

Prime meridian, equator, international date line, global time zones

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22
Q

Small scale maps

A

Small scale maps cover large areas

23
Q

Large scale maps

A

Large scale maps cover small areas

24
Q

Map scales

A

Written (verbal)
Graphic (bar)
Representative fraction (RF)

25
Q

GPS

A

Global Positioning Satellite

26
Q

GIS

A

Geographic Information System
A variety of remote sensing imaging.
Shows either land ownership, hydrology, forest cover, soils, disease, and many more

27
Q

Light year

A

186,000 mi/s

Aphelion, perihelion

28
Q

Earth’s solar constant

A

1372 watts/m^2

29
Q

Rotation and Revolution

A

Both counterclockwise
Rotate “on”
Revolve “around”

30
Q

Plane of the ecliptic

A

The area within earth’s orbit

31
Q

Troposphere

A

Atmospheric layer closest to earth’s surface

32
Q

3 primary gases

A

Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Argon

33
Q

Carbon dioxide’s function?

A

Fuel for plants

34
Q

Ozone

A

Ozone protects us from harmful sun rays

35
Q

Water world

A

71% water

29% land

36
Q

Global ocean conveyer movement

A

Cool water subsides to feed deep current due to cooling of water, which increased salinity and density.
Keeps earth from entering ice age

37
Q

ITCZ

A

Inner Tropical Convergence Zone
Near the equator, where northeast and southeast trade winds come together.
Causes storms and wind (weather)

38
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Water phase changes because of energy (heat)

39
Q

Orographic barriers

A

Mountains
Effect climates on each side, bringing one more weather like clouds, wind, rain, and fertile soil while the other side suffers

40
Q

Stuff to know about water

A

Hydrologic cycle, ground water, and the global use of water

41
Q

Desertification

A

Caused by climate change (drought, loss of vegetation), human activity, and geographical circumstances

42
Q

Bread baskets of the world

A

Places with efficient vegetation for farming and domesticated animals like goats and cattle that have multiple uses, also locates near a water source

43
Q

End of last ice age (Pleistocene period)

A

10,000 BC

6 million people

44
Q

How old is the earth?

A

4.54 billion years

45
Q

How long has the biosphere been part of the earth’s environment?

A

3.5 billion years

46
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

The assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe.

47
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Theory that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history

48
Q

Current world population

A

7 billion people

49
Q

Areas of concentration

A

East Asia (China)
South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
Europe
East United States

50
Q

Four major reasons for human population growth

A

End of ice age, industrial revolution, green revolution, medical revolution

51
Q

Hearth lands of humanity

A

River valleys and fertile soils

52
Q

Paleolithic

A

Old Stone Age
2.6 million years ago
After 10,000 BC

53
Q

Neolithic

A

New Stone Age

10,200 BC - between 4,500 and 2,000 BC

54
Q

Ptolemy’s map of the world

A

100 AD
Showed areas known by traders at the time
Missed the Western Hemisphere

55
Q

Leaders in Age of Discovery

A

Portuguese
Spanish
English
Dutch

Geography 2410 (3 decks)

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