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CLASS 22010 DERM > PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS > Flashcards

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response triggering a histamine response?

A

Atopy

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2
Q

What is any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism?

A

Allergy

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3
Q

These are examples of what?

  1. Atopic dermatitis
  2. Allergic asthma
  3. allergic rhinitis
  4. allergic conjunctivitis
  5. latex and some food allergies
A

Atopic disorders

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4
Q

True or False

Atopic/allergic disorders are the most common disorders among people

A

True

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5
Q

True or False

The IDC’s eyes and hands are the only essential tools for examination of the skin.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False

Daylight/natural light is the best lighting for the examination.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False

Atopy has a hereditary component

A

True

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8
Q

What is an umbrella term used in dermatology, denotes any observed skin changes or findings and can be normal or pathologic?

A

Lesion

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9
Q

What lesion is ring shaped with a central clearing?

A

Annular

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10
Q

What lesion is round, coin-shaped, solid circle or oval and has a uniform appearance from the edges to the center?

A

Nummular

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11
Q

What lesion is arc-shaped and often results from incomplete formation of an annular lesion?

A

Arcuate

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12
Q

What lesion has multiple different shapes located closely together (Grab-bag) ?

A

Multiform

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13
Q

What lesion is formed from coalescing circles, rings, or incomplete rings?

A

Polycyclic

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14
Q

What lesion is target-like, with a center darker than the periphery?

A

Targetoid

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15
Q

What lesion is dot-like and typically around 1mm?

A

Punctate

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16
Q

What lesion has a central depression on the surface and is also known as “delled”?

A

Umbilicated

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17
Q

What kind of lesion resembles a straight line?

A

Linear

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18
Q

What kind of lesion is serpentine or snake like?

A

Serpiginous

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19
Q

What is the most important additional feature of a lesion other than the primary morphology?

A

Lesion color

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20
Q

What are the most common types of color on the skin?

A
  1. Variations in brown
  2. Hyperpigmentation
  3. Hypopigmentation
  4. Variations in red (erythema)
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21
Q

True or False

Demarcation can be referred to as either borders or margins

A

True

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22
Q

What are borders that are clearly defined and have a definitive stop point?

A

Well demarcated

discrete or well defined

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23
Q

What is known as tight borders on a round lesion, has a clear beginning and end?

A

Circumscribed

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24
Q

What kind of borders are indistinct and lack a definitive start/stop point?

A

Not well demarcated

indistinct or confluent

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25
Q

What is a protein rich fluid containing cellular elements extruded from blood vessels secondary to inflammation or injury?

A

Exudate

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26
Q

What is a thin, pink colored discharge associated with normal wound healing?

A

Serosanguinous

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27
Q

What is a mild, yellow and cloudy discharge associated with mild infections?

A

Seropurulent

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28
Q

What is a thick, yellow to green discharge typically associated with infection?

A

Purulent

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29
Q

What is a thin, clear discharge associated with and expected in the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

A

Serous

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30
Q

What is a thin, darker red drainage associated with capillary permeability and/or capillary injuries?

A

Sanguineous

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31
Q

What is known as a dried crust?

A

Serum

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32
Q

What location and distribution pattern is unilateral in the distribution of a single spinal afferent nerve root?

A

Dermatomal/Zosteriform

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33
Q

What location and distribution pattern is one that lies along the distribution of a lymph vessel; implies infectious agent spreading from an acral (distal) site?

A

Lymphangitic

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34
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs in distal locations, such as on the hands, feet, wrist, ankles, ears, or penis?

A

Distal (acral)

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35
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs on the trunk or central body?

A

Truncal

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36
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs in areas usually not covered by clothing? (face or dorsal hands)

A

Sun exposed (Photo-distributed)

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37
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs in areas usually covered by one or more layers of clothing?

A

Sun protected

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38
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs over the dorsal extremities? (extensor muscles, knees, or elbows)

A

Extensor

39
Q

What location and distribution pattern happens over the flexor muscles of the extremities? (antecubital and popliteal fossae)

A

Flexor

40
Q

What location and distribution pattern occurs in the skin folds, where 2 skin surfaces are in contact? (axillae, inguinal folds inner thighs, inframammary skin)

A

Intertriginous(Latin inter, “between”; trigo, “rubbing“)

41
Q

What location and distribution pattern favors the hair-bearing locations of the skin? (scalp eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases)

A

Seborrheic

42
Q

What location and distribution pattern is confined to a single body location?

A

Localized

43
Q

What location and distribution pattern is widespread?

A

Generalized

44
Q

What is a generalized eruption of inflammatory lesions and is the medical term for rash?

A

Exanthem

45
Q

What kind of lesions develop as a direct result of the disease process?

A

Primary lesion

46
Q

What kind of lesions evolve from a primary lesion or develops because of the patients activities; lesions which develop from longstanding/untreated disease?

A

Secondary

47
Q

Primary or Secondary Lesions

  1. Macule
  2. Patch
  3. Papule
  4. Plaque
  5. Vesicle
  6. Pustule
A

Primary

48
Q

Primary or Secondary Lesions

  1. Bulla
  2. Wheal
  3. Nodule
  4. Tumor
  5. Cyst
  6. Telangiectasia
A

Primary

49
Q

Primary or Secondary Lesions

  1. Scale
  2. Crust
  3. Lichenification
  4. Keloid
  5. Scar
A

Secondary

50
Q

Primary or Secondary Lesions

  1. Atrophy
  2. Excoriation
  3. Fissure
  4. Erosion
  5. Ulcer
A

Secondary

51
Q

What is a flat, circumscribed area of color change less than 1cm in diameter?

A

Macule

52
Q

What is a flat, non-palpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1cm in diameter?

A

Patch

53
Q

What is an elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diameter?

A

Papule

54
Q

What is an elevated, firm, rough, lesion with a flat top greater than 1cm in diameter?

A

Plaque

55
Q

What is elevated, circumscribed, superficial fluid-filled (clear/serous) lesion less than 1 cm?

A

Vesicle

56
Q

What is an elevated, superficial lesion that is similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid?

A

Pustule

57
Q

What is a vesicle than is greater than 1cm?

A

Bulla

58
Q

What is an elevated irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema that is solid, transient and has a variable diameter?

A

Wheal (hive)

59
Q

What is an elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion, deeper in the dermis than a papule that is 1-2 cm in diameter?

A

Nodule

60
Q

What is an elevated and solid lesion, that may or may not be clearly demarcated, deep in the dermis and greater than 2cm?

A

Tumor (mass)

61
Q

What is an encapsulated lesion in the dermis or hypodermis; filled with liquid or semi-solid material?

A

Cyst

62
Q

What is a fine, irregular, red line produced by capillary dilation?

A

Telangiectasia

63
Q

What are loose or adherent flakes composed of stratum corneum cells?

A

Scales

64
Q

What term is used for small areas of thick adherent scales?

A

Hyperkeratotic

65
Q

What is a rough thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation; accentuation of skin markings is often seen?

A

Lichenification

66
Q

What is dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate that is slightly elevated?

A

Crust

67
Q

What is a thick and fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury, epithelial tissue if replaced with connective tissue during the healing process?

A

Scars

68
Q

What is an overgrowth of scar tissue that remains confined to the site of the initial injury and may be raised or flat?

A

Hypertrophic scar

69
Q

What is an enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to the increased size of the constituent cells?

A

Hypertrophy

70
Q

What is an irregularly shaped, elevated scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the initial injury or wound?

A

Keloid

71
Q

What is the thinning of the skin and loss of skin markings; skin can turn translucent and paper like?

A

Atrophy

72
Q

What is a loss of part of the epidermis but not the dermis?

A

Erosion

73
Q

What is a concave loss of part of the epidermis and the dermis?

A

Ulcer

74
Q

What is a linear, hollowed out crusted loss of epidermis?

A

Excoriation

75
Q

What is a linear crack in the skin continuity from the epidermis to the dermis?

A

Fissure

76
Q

What is excessive hair (female) in non-hairy areas in a male distribution pattern?

A

Hirsutism

77
Q

What form of alopecia is a variable patchy and round hair loss on the scalp ?

A

Alopecia Areata

78
Q

What form of alopecia is hair loss secondary to excessive/constant traction ?

A

Traction alopecia

79
Q

What form of alopecia is hair loss secondary to scar formation and follicle loss?

A

Scarring alopecia

80
Q

What form of alopecia is the loss of all scalp hair?

A

Alopecia totalis

81
Q

What form of alopecia is the loss of all body hair?

A

Alopecia Universalis

82
Q

What is the normal angle of nails?

A

160 degrees

83
Q

A nail angle of >180 degrees could mean what?

A

Clubbing

84
Q

What are well circumscribed areas of thickened epidermal keratin that develop at locations of repeated pressure or friction?

A

Calluses

85
Q

What develops similarly to calluses, but have a central hyperkeratotic core that is often painful?

A

Corns (clavus)

86
Q

What are HPV lesions that occur on the soles of the feet?

A

Plantar warts

87
Q

What is an accumulation of melanocytes/nevus cells in the dermis, symmetric brown macule or papule with smooth, regular borders?

A

Nevus (mole)

88
Q

Abnormalities of the nail are typically grouped into what 3 categories?

A
  1. Injury
  2. Infection
  3. Systemic disease
89
Q

What is bleeding from the nail bed secondary to trauma that may lead to onycholysis?

A

Subungal hematoma

90
Q

What is when the nail separates from the distal nail bed secondary to trauma, hematoma, or fungus?

A

Onycholysis

91
Q

What is known as the ingrowing of a nail, secondary to improper trimming technique or shoe compression?

A

Onychocryptosis

92
Q

What is known as a yellow, crumbling nail plate, hyperkeratotic debris beneath the nail, onycholysis, and is often due to a fungal infection?

A

Onychomycosis

93
Q

What is an infection around the nail bed caused by bacteria?

A

Paronychia

CLASS 22010 DERM (3 decks)

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