PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
On an ultrasound what does fluid reflect as?
Black
Stethoscope
The bell is used for?
low frequency sounds
When palpating the peripheral veins for distention and edema what is:
Very deep pit that lasts 2 to 5 minutes (8-9 mm in depth).
4+
Friction rubs in the pericardial sac will sound like what?
grating, machine-like rubbing.
When palpating the peripheral veins for distention and edema what is:
Somewhat deep pit, disappears in 10 to 15 seconds (4-5 mm in depth)
2+
A loud S1 Sound suggests what?
increased blood velocity, mitral stenosis, heart block, hypertension, or calcification of mitral valve
Diastolic, Systolic or stenosis?
Aortic/Pulmonic Regurgitation
diastolic
When palpating the peripheral veins for distention and edema what is:
Noticeable deep pit that lasts more than a minute (6-7 mm in depth).
3+
Soft tissues will show up as what color on an ultrasound?
Gray
Ultrasound Terminology
An electromechanical device that is part of an ultrasound system. The device that contacts the patient and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa.
Transducer
When using color doppler what colors represent flow away and towards the probe?
Red is towards
Blue is away
Ultrasound Terminology
Operating mode in which a two-dimensional image is generated that portrays moving reflectors in color simultaneously with images.
Color flow doppler
Palpating for amplitude of the pulse
What is Expected
2
Diastolic, Systolic or stenosis?
Mitral snaps
MV stenosis
When palpating on a heart examination… where are you palpating?
The base left sternal border right sternal boarder Apex epigastrium left axillae
What would a mitral valve prolapse sound like?
mid systolic click with late high pitched murmur
Thrills are associated with what?
failure of semilunar valve to close, aortic or
pulmonary stenosis, or atrial septal defect.
Diastolic, Systolic or stenosis?
Mitral/Tricuspid Stenosis
diastolic
Ultrasound Terminology
What refers to a lesion or tumor which produces a stronger echo than the surrounding structures or tissues?
Hyperechoic
Palpating for amplitude of the pulse
What is Bounding, aneurysmal
4
Ultrasound Terminology
Refers to structures that contain fewer or weaker echoes than surrounding tissues.
Hypoechoic
When palpating the peripheral veins for distention and edema what is:
Slight pit, disappears rapidly (2-3 mm in depth)
1+
Ultrasound Terminology
Ability to distinguish between two adjacent structures
Resolution
What are you palpating for over the base of the heart?
thrill or rushing vibration
Palpating for amplitude of the pulse
What is Absent, not palpable
0
Wide apical pulsation may indicate what?
left ventricular hypertrophy. Loss of palpable apical pulsation may indicate fluid, air, or displacement
Palpating for amplitude of the pulse
What is Diminished, barely palpable
1
Stethoscope
The diaphragm is used for…
High freq sounds
What is a mechanical wave propagated through a medium at a high frequency to produce images of structures within the human body.
Ultrasound
Loud S2 sound suggests what?
hypertension, valve disorder, stenosis, or fluid
Diastolic, Systolic or stenosis?
Mitral/Tricuspid Regurgitation
Systolic
Palpating for amplitude of the pulse
What is Full, increased
3
Ultrasound Terminology
Regulates the amplification (brightness) of returning echoes to compensate for loss of transmitted sound caused by absorption and reflection.
Gain
What is the sound called when listening to a BP?
Korotkoff sound
Diastolic, Systolic or stenosis?
Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
systolic
What does bone show up as on an ultrasound image?
White
