Physical Exam Findings

Question 1

Eyes -

Roth Spots, conjunctival petechiae

Answer 1

Endocarditis

Question 2

Eyes -

Xanthelesmas

Answer 2

Dyslipidemia (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 3

Eyes -

Blue Sclerae

Answer 3

Osteogenesis imperfecta with aortic disease, Aortic regurgitation, Mitral Valve prolapse

Question 4

Eyes -

Icteric Sclerae

Answer 4

Cardiac cirrhosis

Question 5

Eyes -
Ectopia lentis (upward displacement)

Answer 5

Marfan syndrome

Question 6

Eyes -
Ectopia lentis (downward displacement)

Answer 6

Homocystinuria and premature CAD, Stroke, Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 7

Eyes -

Conjunctivitis

Answer 7

Reiter syndrome with aortic disease, AR

Question 8

Eyes -

Corneal opacities

Answer 8

Fabry disease with HCM

Question 9

Eyes -

Arcus Senilis

Answer 9

Coronary artery disease

Question 10

Eyes -

Retinal occlusion

Answer 10

Embolic disease

Question 11

Chest and abdomen -

Pectus excavatum

Answer 11

Marfan syndrome with aortic aneurysm, MVP

Question 12

Chest and abdomen -

Pectus carinatum

Answer 12

Marfan syndrome, Noonan syndrome

Question 13

Chest and abdomen -

Straight Back Syndrome

Answer 13

MVP, Ankylosing Spondylitis with AR

Question 14

Chest and abdomen -

Intercostal artery collaterals

Answer 14

Coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve

Question 15

Extremities -

Rudimentary or absent thumbs

Answer 15

Holt-Oram syndrome with ASD

Question 16

Extremities -

Osler nodes, Janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages

Answer 16

Endocarditis

Question 17

Extremities -

Hyperextensible joints

Answer 17

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Question 18

Extremities -

Raynaud phenomenon

Answer 18

Connective tissue disorder; Vasculitis

Question 19

Skin -

Jaundice

Answer 19

RHF; hemolysis

Question 20

Skin -

Xanthomas

Answer 20

Dyslipidemia (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 21

Skin -

Central cyanosis

Answer 21

Right to Left shunts (Eisenmenger syndrome); Metahemaglobinemia

Question 22

Skin -

Differential cyanosis

Answer 22

Right to left shunt with PDA

Question 23

Skin -

Peripheral cyanosis

Answer 23

Cardiogenic shock, severe PVD

Question 24

Skin -

Telangiectasias (dilated blood vessels)

Answer 24

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias with AV fistula; scleroderma

Question 25

Skin -

Lentigines (brown skin lesions)

Answer 25

LEOPARD syndrome; Carney syndrome with atrial myxomas

Question 26

Skin -
Lupus permio (purple skin lesion), erythema nodosum

Answer 26

Sarcoidosis with pulmonary HTN, arrhythmias, myopathic disease