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OU Pt Assessment Spring 2018 > Physical Exam > Flashcards

Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Elements included in vital signs

A
  • Height
  • Weight
  • Pulse
  • Resp. rate
  • Temp
  • Pulsox
  • Pain
  • BP
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2
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

used for eye examination

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3
Q

fundoscope

A

another name for Ophthalmoscope

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4
Q

What is a reflex hammer used for?

A

assess deep tendon reflexes

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5
Q

What is a tongue depressor used for?

A

examine oral cavity, throat, epiglottitis

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6
Q

What could coins, pins, buttons be used for?

A

assess cranial nerves

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7
Q

Inspection

A

visual evaluation

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8
Q

Palpation

A

use of touch to assess

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9
Q

Percussion

A

use of tapping to create vibration or sound waves

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10
Q

Auscultation

A

use of stethoscope to listen

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11
Q

Murmur; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • blowing or swooshing

- possibly caused by a valvular defect

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12
Q

Gallop; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • extra sounds

- possibly caused by cardiomegaly

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13
Q

Rub; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • high-pitched and scratchy

- possibly caused by pericardial inflammation

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14
Q

Premature beats

A

feels like the heart skipped a beat

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15
Q

Arrythmia

A

irregular beat

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16
Q

Decreased sound breaths; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds diminished

- possibly caused by emphysema, pneumothorax

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17
Q

Crackles or rales; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds short, popping

- possibly caused by pneumonia, edema, CHF

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18
Q

Wheezes; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds high-pitched, musical

- possibly cause by airway narrowing, asthma, COPD, bronchitis

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19
Q

Rhonchi; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sound deep, coarse, snoring

- possibly caused by secretions, bronchitis, pneumonia

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20
Q

Stridor; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds high-pitches, musical, no steth

- possibly caused by airway obstruction, coup

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21
Q

Pallor appearance on light skin

A

Generally pale or whitish-pink

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22
Q

Pallor appearance on dark skin

A

Yellow or gray coloring; may be more creamy or white depending on baseline color

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23
Q

Pallor potential conditions

A

Anemia, shock, albinism, vitiligo

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24
Q

Cyanosis appearance on light skin

A

Dusky blue

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25
Q

Cyanosis appearance on dark skin

A

Dull coloring but minimal color change. Look at conjunctiva, oral mucosa or nail beds for a more accurate assessment.

26
Q

Cyanosis potential conditions

A

Chronic heart and/or lung disease, acute lung disease, adverse effect of medication (amiodarone), cold exposure

27
Q

Erythema appearance on light skin

A

Bright red

28
Q

Erythema appearance on dark skin

A

Purplish. CO poisoning can cause cherry red nail beds and lips

29
Q

Erythema potential conditions

A

Fever, alcohol intake, inflammation, carbon monoxide poisoning

30
Q

Jaundice appearance on light skin

A

Yellow or yellow-orange

31
Q

Jaundice appearance on dark skin

A

Better to assess sclera, palms of hands, hard and soft palates

32
Q

Jaundice potential conditions

A

Liver disease, excessive carotene intake, renal failure, medication adverse effect

33
Q

Hyperpigmentation appearance on light skin

A

Tan/bronze

34
Q

Hyperpigmentation appearance on dark skin

A

Easily masked

35
Q

Hyperpigmentation potential conditions

A

Addison’s disease, café’ au lait spots, medication adverse effect

36
Q

Annular distribution

A

Circular lesions that begin in the center and spread peripherally

37
Q

Confluent distribution

A

Lesions that run together

38
Q

Discrete distribution

A

Lesions that remain individualized

39
Q

Grouped distribution

A

Lesions are in clusters

40
Q

Gyrate distribution

A

Lesions are twisted, coiled, spiral, snake-like

41
Q

Iris/target distribution

A

Lesions appear like a bullseye or iris of the eye; a concentric ring

42
Q

Linear distribution

A

Lesions appear like a scratch, streak, line, or stripe

43
Q

Zosteriform distribution

A

Lesions take linear arrangement along a dermatome

44
Q

Macule; definition and examples

A
  • Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, small (< 1 cm)
  • Freckles, petechia, scarlet fever, nevus
45
Q

Patch; definition and examples

A
  • A macule > 1 cm

- Mongolian spot, café au lait spot, vitiligo

46
Q

Papule; definition and examples

A
  • Can be palpated. Solid, elevated, circumscribed. Not erythematous.
  • Mole, wart, some types of skin cancer
47
Q

Plaque; definition and examples

A
  • A papule > 1 cm

- Psoriasis, lichen planus

48
Q

Maculopapule; definition and examples

A
  • Combination of macule and papule. Flat smooth rash also covered by elevated bump
  • Typically viruses and other infections
49
Q

Nodule; definition and examples

A
  • Solid, elevated hard or soft lesion > 1 cm

- Xanthoma, fibroma

50
Q

Wheal; definition and examples

A
  • Superficial, raised, erythematous. Irregular shape

- Mosquito bite, allergic reaction

51
Q

Urticarial (hives); definition and examples

A
  • Multiple wheals that coalesce to form a more extensive reaction. Intensely pruritic
  • Allergic reaction
52
Q

Vesicle; definition and examples

A
  • Elevated cavity containing clear liquid

- Contact dermatitis, early stage of varicella

53
Q

Bulla; definition and examples

A
  • A vesicle > 1 cm

- Friction blister, burns

54
Q

Pustule; definition and examples

A
  • Elevated cavity containing pus

- Impetigo, acne

55
Q

Crust; definition and examples

A
  • Thickened, dried-out exudate

- Impetigo, scab

56
Q

Scale; definition and examples

A
  • Compact flakes of skin

- Psoriasis, eczema, dry skin, dandruff

57
Q

Fissure; definition and examples

A
  • Linear cracks with clear edges

- Athlete’s foot

58
Q

Erosion; definition and examples

A
  • Shallow lesion, moist but not bleeding

- Scrapes

59
Q

Ulcer; definition and examples

A
  • Deep lesion extending into dermis. Irregular shape

- Pressure sore, stasis ulcer, chancre

60
Q

Excoriation; definition and examples

A
  • Superficial, often self-inflicted

- Typically a result of scratching

OU Pt Assessment Spring 2018 (10 decks)

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