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OU Pt Assessment Spring 2018 > Physical Exam > Flashcards

Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Elements included in vital signs

A
  • Height
  • Weight
  • Pulse
  • Resp. rate
  • Temp
  • Pulsox
  • Pain
  • BP
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2
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

used for eye examination

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3
Q

fundoscope

A

another name for Ophthalmoscope

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4
Q

What is a reflex hammer used for?

A

assess deep tendon reflexes

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5
Q

What is a tongue depressor used for?

A

examine oral cavity, throat, epiglottitis

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6
Q

What could coins, pins, buttons be used for?

A

assess cranial nerves

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7
Q

Inspection

A

visual evaluation

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8
Q

Palpation

A

use of touch to assess

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9
Q

Percussion

A

use of tapping to create vibration or sound waves

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10
Q

Auscultation

A

use of stethoscope to listen

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11
Q

Murmur; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • blowing or swooshing

- possibly caused by a valvular defect

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12
Q

Gallop; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • extra sounds

- possibly caused by cardiomegaly

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13
Q

Rub; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • high-pitched and scratchy

- possibly caused by pericardial inflammation

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14
Q

Premature beats

A

feels like the heart skipped a beat

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15
Q

Arrythmia

A

irregular beat

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16
Q

Decreased sound breaths; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds diminished

- possibly caused by emphysema, pneumothorax

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17
Q

Crackles or rales; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds short, popping

- possibly caused by pneumonia, edema, CHF

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18
Q

Wheezes; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds high-pitched, musical

- possibly cause by airway narrowing, asthma, COPD, bronchitis

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19
Q

Rhonchi; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sound deep, coarse, snoring

- possibly caused by secretions, bronchitis, pneumonia

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20
Q

Stridor; what does it sound like and what is the possible cause?

A
  • sounds high-pitches, musical, no steth

- possibly caused by airway obstruction, coup

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21
Q

Pallor appearance on light skin

A

Generally pale or whitish-pink

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22
Q

Pallor appearance on dark skin

A

Yellow or gray coloring; may be more creamy or white depending on baseline color

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23
Q

Pallor potential conditions

A

Anemia, shock, albinism, vitiligo

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24
Q

Cyanosis appearance on light skin

A

Dusky blue

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25
Cyanosis appearance on dark skin
Dull coloring but minimal color change. Look at conjunctiva, oral mucosa or nail beds for a more accurate assessment.
26
Cyanosis potential conditions
Chronic heart and/or lung disease, acute lung disease, adverse effect of medication (amiodarone), cold exposure
27
Erythema appearance on light skin
Bright red
28
Erythema appearance on dark skin
Purplish. CO poisoning can cause cherry red nail beds and lips
29
Erythema potential conditions
Fever, alcohol intake, inflammation, carbon monoxide poisoning
30
Jaundice appearance on light skin
Yellow or yellow-orange
31
Jaundice appearance on dark skin
Better to assess sclera, palms of hands, hard and soft palates
32
Jaundice potential conditions
Liver disease, excessive carotene intake, renal failure, medication adverse effect
33
Hyperpigmentation appearance on light skin
Tan/bronze
34
Hyperpigmentation appearance on dark skin
Easily masked
35
Hyperpigmentation potential conditions
Addison’s disease, café’ au lait spots, medication adverse effect
36
Annular distribution
Circular lesions that begin in the center and spread peripherally
37
Confluent distribution
Lesions that run together
38
Discrete distribution
Lesions that remain individualized
39
Grouped distribution
Lesions are in clusters
40
Gyrate distribution
Lesions are twisted, coiled, spiral, snake-like
41
Iris/target distribution
Lesions appear like a bullseye or iris of the eye; a concentric ring
42
Linear distribution
Lesions appear like a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
43
Zosteriform distribution
Lesions take linear arrangement along a dermatome
44
Macule; definition and examples
- Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, small (< 1 cm) - Freckles, petechia, scarlet fever, nevus
45
Patch; definition and examples
- A macule > 1 cm | - Mongolian spot, café au lait spot, vitiligo
46
Papule; definition and examples
- Can be palpated. Solid, elevated, circumscribed. Not erythematous. - Mole, wart, some types of skin cancer
47
Plaque; definition and examples
- A papule > 1 cm | - Psoriasis, lichen planus
48
Maculopapule; definition and examples
- Combination of macule and papule. Flat smooth rash also covered by elevated bump - Typically viruses and other infections
49
Nodule; definition and examples
- Solid, elevated hard or soft lesion > 1 cm | - Xanthoma, fibroma
50
Wheal; definition and examples
- Superficial, raised, erythematous. Irregular shape | - Mosquito bite, allergic reaction
51
Urticarial (hives); definition and examples
- Multiple wheals that coalesce to form a more extensive reaction. Intensely pruritic - Allergic reaction
52
Vesicle; definition and examples
- Elevated cavity containing clear liquid | - Contact dermatitis, early stage of varicella
53
Bulla; definition and examples
- A vesicle > 1 cm | - Friction blister, burns
54
Pustule; definition and examples
- Elevated cavity containing pus | - Impetigo, acne
55
Crust; definition and examples
- Thickened, dried-out exudate | - Impetigo, scab
56
Scale; definition and examples
- Compact flakes of skin | - Psoriasis, eczema, dry skin, dandruff
57
Fissure; definition and examples
- Linear cracks with clear edges | - Athlete’s foot
58
Erosion; definition and examples
- Shallow lesion, moist but not bleeding | - Scrapes
59
Ulcer; definition and examples
- Deep lesion extending into dermis. Irregular shape | - Pressure sore, stasis ulcer, chancre
60
Excoriation; definition and examples
- Superficial, often self-inflicted | - Typically a result of scratching

OU Pt Assessment Spring 2018 (10 decks)

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